Marketing Management of McDonalds

Question: Examine about the Marketing Management of McDonalds. Answer: Presentation The revealed paper has been created to distinguish the market tasks of McDonalds, the main drive-through joint chain of the world in the Australian objective market. By recognizing the advertising point of view in the objective market, the exploration study will distinguish the supportable showcasing technique reasonable for business development. In the interim, the examination depicts a detail exploration of the business including the 5Cs noteworthy for business suggestion. The authoritative investigation, statistical surveying technique, advertise improvement plan and specific promoting strategies of McDonalds have been planned drawing bits of knowledge giving appropriate showcasing ideas and hypothetical models (Al-Weqaiyan, 2005). Naturally, the investigation has been created dependent on exhaustive exploration steady for advertising advancement. Authoritative Background McDonalds is one of the biggest advantageous nourishments and refreshment eatery network business on the planet. It has utilizes around 1.6 million individuals and has stores in excess of 115 nations of the world. It is the market chief in the eatery network business with a few in number contenders, for example, KFC and Subway (Reece, 2010). The essential explanation behind the accomplishment of McDonalds business is its particular serious systems, elevated expectations of execution, unrivaled nature of items, and high respectability of individuals. Around 85 percent of eateries of McDonalds are claimed by franchisees. The crucial the firm is to turn into the universes chief advantageous food and drink café business. The organization tries to give solid monetary awards to its financial specialists by giving great open doors for advancement and development to its colleagues, representatives and the networks (Sakas and Konstantopoulos, 2010). The vision of McDonalds is to turn into a cutting edge and dynamic organization by conveying its clients a contemporary encounter. Present day in the vision explanation intends to get the brand in where it should be in todays showcase. Then again, dynamic intends to prepare for the future desires for the clients. So as to fulfill the changing needs of the socioeconomics, McDonalds serves its clients with a tremendous item extend that incorporates burgers, breakfast, refreshments, sweets and numerous different things. The most established advertising trademark that is still yet utilized by the organization is Im adoring it! started in the year 2003. Then again, the organization continues exploring different avenues regarding its item extend by presenting restricted nourishments (Ramachandra, Chandrashekara and Shivakumar, 2010). As of now, the brand McDonalds and McCafe has become the second biggest helpful food and drink brand in Australia. The brand name is itself enough to pull in individuals to visit the McDonalds stores. Authoritative Analysis A SWOT examination has been introduced to talk about the qualities, shortcomings, openings and dangers of McDonalds: Qualities: The worldwide presence and prestigious brand of McDonalds are its essential qualities. Alongside that, the effective things and consistency of food quality additionally goes about as quality of the organization. Shortcomings: It can be seen through the statistical surveying that the declining piece of the overall industry and displeased franchisees of the organization has risen to be not kidding shortcomings of the association (Mujtaba and Patel, 2011). Then again, the eased back salary and income development makes it hard for the firm to grow its business and hold its market situating. Openings: McDonalds serves just 1 percent of the whole total populace and has a decent chance to extend over the worldwide market. The joint endeavors with retailers and grocery stores give the organization a lower gambled open door for extending its business (Mooradian, Matzler and Ring, 2012). Then again, the usage of innovation in its administration can enable the organization to hold its clients. Dangers: The qualities of the contenders are the essential danger for McDonalds. Then again, the variance of the cash and worldwide economy makes it hard for the organization to do its clients in the abroad market (Kerin and Peterson, 2001). Clients In the advertising the board, recognizing the objective clients will be the way to since a long time ago run achievement. In the South Australian market, the objective purchasers can be distinguished as the most wellbeing cognizant just as inexpensive food adoring open. Accurately, the objective segment profile is profoundly instructed and expert most definitely (Slater, Hult and Olson, 2010). Henceforth, the pay status of the objective socioeconomics will be a noteworthy lift for the drive-thru eatery chain business. In the mean time, in the busiest life calendar of the objective segment profile including kids, school and school goers and single-living open, the clients esteem quality and delectable cheap food and convenient conveyance of requests (Kotler and Keller, 2016). Hence, the cheap food chain must guarantee the nature of administration to satisfy the need of the objective clients. In the advertising technique, the brand name will be productively used to make an impact on th e objective socioeconomics. Colleagues So as to make development in the objective market, McDonalds Australia must utilize their noteworthy flexibly accomplices previously working in different pieces of the nation. For example, in the item conveyance, Martin Brower can be distinguished as the significant benefactor. Then again, the meat items, chicken and fish will be provided by OSI and Australian Food Corporation (Qureshi and Hassan, 2013). Likewise, Inghams Enterprise, McCain, Simplot and different accomplices can gracefully fries, hashbrowns and other food items as indicated by the quality to finish the whole flexibly chain in the objective market. In the interim, the quality providers can convey new food items and things following the quality reviews of the cheap food things to keep up the brand character (Bhuian, 2009). The quickly developing inexpensive food industry in the Australian market will be useful for the business partners too to flexibly items at a sensible valuing reasonable for companys net revenues. Contenders In the objective market of South Australia, McDonalds will confront intense rivalry from KFC, Subway, Hungry Jacks, Red Rooster, and Nandos. As of now, 19.9 percent of piece of the pie of drive-through eatery chain industry has been involved by KFC in Australia. Then again, Subway and Hungry Jacks have 17 percent and 13.1 percent of the whole piece of the pie individually. Among the most famous eatery network, the brand character of McDonalds will work for the association to make further market entrance. To the extent other new contestants in the market are concerned, the expected danger of new market participants will be restricted (Mujtaba and Patel, 2011). Definitely, to stay serious in the objective market, the nature of cheap food things and trademark food items must be introduced efficient to the objective socioeconomics (Banks, 2016). Additionally, the item division just as the market division of McDonalds will be successful to remain ahead in the objective South Australian ma rket. Setting A PEST investigation has been led in this underneath to introduce different variables that impact the matter of McDonalds in the Australian market. Political Factors: The worldwide tasks of McDonalds are affected by the administration arrangements of every nation. For instance, there are sure political gatherings in Australia that challenge cheap food because of the wellbeing suggestions, for example, cholesterol and stomach related issues (Kawabata, 2013). Then again, the organization needs to observe a few principles and guidelines to work in a smooth way. Affordable Factors: The financial state of Australia works for the organization. The swelling rate in Australia is profoundly controlled at 1 percent and the great pay level of the individuals gives the firm better chances to grow its business in the nation (Kawabata, 2013). Socio-social Factors: Australia is a multi-social country with a higher extent of western individuals. The Australian populace generally favor cheap food for their every day living because of the bustling calendar of life (Kawabata, 2013). Mechanical Factors: The advancement of innovation has made it simpler for a café network business to viably direct the entirety of its showcasing strategies (Kerin and Peterson, 2001). McDonalds give free Wi-Fi office and spotlight on computerized publicizing to draw in more clients. Statistical surveying Strategy So as to gather essential exploration information from the objective market, McDonalds Corporation just draws in prestigious examination organizations. In the mean time, the offices have arranged overview research materials for the chose advertise region to distinguish the 5Cs related with the business structure of the firm (LaPlaca, 2008). By leading exhaustive examination based on huge methodological textures, the statistical surveying can characterize the conduct of the objective socioeconomics, position of the associates just as contenders, dangers of new contestants, powerful changing business condition and serious showcasing technique of the other market players. So as to characterize the clients point of view, arbitrary overview study has been led to know the decisions and inclinations of the objective socioeconomics (Kotler and Keller, 2016). The examination result will be useful to characterize the best product offering and administrations technique to dazzle the customers. The investigation examination and market knowledge program on explicit market area can gather best data about the restricting cheap food menus and food things generally favored by the objective socioeconomics. In this manner, situating system of the firm can be organized to get the best reaction from the objective segment profile (Levy, 2012). In the mean time, the current evaluating procedure and standard of administrations of the other market administrators c

The Reasons Behind the Volatility of Agricultural Product Prices and Essay

The Reasons Behind the Volatility of Agricultural Product Prices and Other Questions - Essay Example The costs of farming items will in general be unsteady on the grounds that the flexibly of horticultural items changes every once in a while, and this for the most part relies upon the variable climate conditions that influence the size of the gather. As indicated by an examination completed by Riley, he makes the end that when the rural yield misses the mark concerning arranged yield, for a given degree of interest then the costs of items will undoubtedly rise. Then again, Riley says that when the genuine yield is in abundance of the arranged yield, for a given degree of interest then the market cost falls (2006, p. 3). All the more frequently, the interest of an item has the impact making the estimation of the item higher when the flexibly for the items is low. Toepfer worldwide completed examinations to decide the purposes behind the value instability of horticultural items. The examination shows that there are three key market essentials. These basics are liable at the more promi nent cost varieties of rural items. The report expresses that farming yield varies from season to season because of the regular stuns, for example, climate and irritations. They additionally state creation in the agrarian part takes time, so the part of gracefully can't react a lot to value changes for the time being and in conclusion, the flexibly and request versatility is little when contrasted with the issue of cost. The organization clarify that, during a flexibly stun, the variety among gracefully and request should be solid in order to empower the recovering of the parity of flexibly and request this is central when managing an instance of low stocks (2011, p.5). The flexibly and request stuns are an essential part with regards to the assurance of the costs of rural items. A reasonable model is the monstrous dry season that hit Russia in the year 2010; this was joined by the limitation of the exportation of grains out of the dark ocean district. These conditions greatly influ enced the costs of items; there was a revealed increment in the costs of horticultural wares. In such seasons of high and unstable costs, most nations decline their fares and increment on their imports. The final products of such measures is a destabilizing impact, for example, the limitation of the exportation of rice by driving exporters in the year 2007 saw the significantly increasing of costs regardless of the steady interest and reap (2011, p. 5). The issue of value unpredictability in agrarian items has been of genuine worry to a large portion of the administrations. In June 2011, the Agricultural pastors of the G20 assembled their thoughts on how this issue could be tended to. Among the numerous recommendations, they concentrated on the starting of the Agricultural Market Information framework this would empower the fortune of opportune exact solid and straightforward data that would be of help in tending to the issue of value unpredictability. The Agricultural services of t he G20 additionally recommends the reinforcing of the worldwide administration of agrarian exchange favor of an open, rule based and well working worldwide market for rural items. The principle purpose behind this is the global exchange contributes in the improvement of food security and in tending to the issue of value instability. Numerous administrations likewise have put resources into the boosting of agrarian creation by fortifying farming exploration and development. The foundation of well and working markets is additionally a system that centers around the support of people in general and private division t put resources into agribusiness (Toepfer International, 2011, p.6). A gathering of analysts saw that the unsteadiness of money related markets and the solid varieties in the trade rates are among

7 Ways to Make Extra Income Even with a Full-Time Job

7 Ways to Make Extra Income Even with a Full-Time Job I believe th?t ??rning ?xtr? in??m? can ??m?l?t?l? ?h?ng? ??ur lif?. Y?u ??n stop living ????h??k t? paycheck, ??u can ??? ?ff your debt, ?nd m?r? ?ll b? learning ?b?ut the m?n? different ways to make m?n??.However, n?t many people h?v? ?id? j?b?, ?nd ??m? d?nt ??? the ??int in finding w??? t? m?k? extra income. S?m? think th?t it? im????ibl?.W?ll, m? j?b h?r? i? t? t?ll ??u th?t it i? ????ibl?, and l??rning how t? m?k? ?xtr? m?n?? can ?h?ng? ??ur lif?!Sure, it may b? h?rd at first, but ?n?? ??u reach your goal ??u’ll know th?t it w?? well worth it.Earning extra in??m? will im?r?v? ??ur lif? ?? ??u:P?? ?ff your d?bt.S?v? f?r big purchases, ?u?h ?? a vacation.St?? living paycheck to ????h??k.Help you r???h r?tir?m?nt ???n?r.Figur? ?ut a bu?in??? id??.B???m? m?r? div?r?ifi?d with ??ur in??m? streams.Whil? ?utting ??ur budget is great ?nd ?ll, m?king m?r? money is great t??.It ?ll?w? ??u t? ??v? more m?n?? b???u?? ??u can ?nl? cut ??ur budg?t b? ?? mu?h. Y?ur income, on th? ?th?r han d, ??n gr?w by an endless ?m?unt.Wh?th?r ??u have ju?t one fr?? h?ur each d?? ?r if ??u are willing to work 40 t? 50 hours a w??k ?n t?? ?f your full-tim? job, th?r? ?r? m?n? ??ti?n? wh?n it comes to ??rning ?xtr? income ?nd this article i? h?r? t? ??rv? you with th??? options.Why w?uldnt a ??r??n w?nt t? have a littl? ?xtr? m?n?? in his ?r her b?nk account?You h?v? a full time j?b but ??u ?till n??d th?t ?dditi?n?l income t? help ??u ti? ??m? loose ends.M??t of u? h?v? h?d that thought and h?v? b??n wondering what exactly could g?n?r?t? m?n?? but with little ?ff?rt and tim?.Well, hello there! You ?r? ?t th? right ?l???, and thi? i? wh?t I call ?id? hu?tl?.SIDE HUSTLESSid? hu?tl? i? that ?xtr? job or bu?in??? th?t you h?v? b??id?? your full tim? j?b. Side hustle u??d to b? r??tri?t?d t? d?ing ?r h?ving menial jobs or bu?in????? in your ?urr?nt job.These j?b? ??uld b? working ?v?rtim?, ?r??ur?m?nt ?f materials ?r equipment, r?f?rring new employees or ?u?t?m?r?, ?nd ?ff?ring t? w?rk o n th? ?r?j??t? n? ?n? else w?nt? t? d?.T?d??, ?id? hu?tl? h?? b??n r?br?nd?d, and it is n?w r?f?rr?d t? ?? SIDE JOBS, ?????i?ll? in th? int?rn?t ??mmunit?. It i? th? n?w g?n?r?ti?n of business b???u?? it i? ??m?thing th?t wasn’t really ?x?l?r?d b? th? ???t g?n?r?ti?n?.Now w? h?v? a whole r?ng? ?f avenues and ????rtuniti?? t? m?k? th?t ?xtr? cash th?t we n??d.Th??? means ??uld actually tri?l? ??ur m?nthl? or weekly income ?? ??????d to b?ing humbl?d b? h?ving th? company ?r ?rg?niz?ti?n you w?rk for look after you.You have t? take th?t ri?k.D???nding on ??ur situation, schedule ?nd skills, there ?r? a f?w diff?r?nt r?ut?? you ??n t?k? â€" including ????rtuniti?? ?t your ?urr?nt workplace, ??n?id?ring a n?w job ?r simply t?king ?n v?ri?u? gig? on the side.Now a lot ?f us are n?t r??ll? ??mf?rt?bl? in t?king ri?k? because w? might think, “wh?t if it doesn’t work out, th?n I’ll lose m? m?n?? or b? ?t a di??dv?nt?g? ?t th? end”.But h??, g??d n?w?! You don’t have to spend mu?h m?n?? in ??m? ?f th??? side jobs ?? ??u r??uir? littl? or nothing to ?t?rt.Well today, I will b? ?h?wing ??u th??? r?ut?? to making ?xtr? cash, d???it? h?ving a full tim? j?b.This i? b???d on my ?wn research; you can tr? ?n? ?n? ?f th?m ????rding t? your skill ??t. Wh?th?r ??u are in the ?rt?, sciences ?r ?ngin??ring fi?ld, th?r?’? g?t t? b? ??m?thing that ??u can fit int?.No m?tt?r what your ?kill set i?, ?r how mu?h tim? you h?v?, you ?h?uld be ?bl? t? find ??m?thing ?n thi? list th?t ??u ??n d? thi? week to m?k? ??m? extra m?n??.Even (and perhaps ?????i?ll?) if you already h?v? a full time job, a l?t ?f these t??k? ?r? ??rf??t f?r ??u. Ev?r??n? h?? a skill, ?v?n with?ut knowing it, and you can ?nl? kn?w wh?n you tr?. Wh? n?t use th??? ?kill? t? your ?dv?nt?g? ?nd m?k? more money.So now let’s get into it ?h?ll w??  Here’s a list ?f 7 WAYS TO MAKE EXTRA INCOME EVEN WITH A FULL-TIME JOB ?nd h?w t? g? ?b?ut th?m ?ff?rtl???l?  Th??? ?r? real lif? ?tr?t?gi?? t? hack ??ur lif? ?n d earn m?r?.Freelance This is a v?r? fl?xibl? side job that d???nt r??uir? long-term ??mmitm?nt?. A fr??l?n??r is a ??lf-?m?l???d person ?ff?ring ??rvi???, usually t? bu?in????? ?nd ?ft?n t? v?ri?u? clients ?t a tim?.H? ?r she i? hir?d t? w?rk f?r diff?r?nt ??m??ni?? on ??rti?ul?r assignments. Freelancing ?ll?w? ??u to g?t ?t?rt?d with virtu?ll? n? ???it?l, and ??u ??n ?t?rt almost imm?di?t?l? with a bit ?f time ?nd ju?t ?n?ugh passion.People might think freelancing i? ?nl? f?r ?r??tiv? professionals, but th?t i? f?r from it.If ??u ??n market a ??rvi?? th?t i? n?t ??ur? ?r you ??n ?r?vid? a ??rvi?? f?r a ??m??n? in n??d without being a full ?t?ff of th?t ??m??n?, you ?r? freelancing.Thi? ?id? j?b ??r??d? across v?ri?u? fi?ld?.One of th? most ??mm?n freelancing j?b i? writing ?nd b?li?v? m?, thi? pays a l?t. Sk?w?rd.??m is a gr??t way f?r writers to m?k? a good chunk ?f ?xtr? ?h?ng?.From writing f?r bl?g?, t? n?w? sites ?nd even sports, ??u ?r? ?n ??ur w?? t? m?king ?xtr? ???h. With the in?r???? in m?bil? phone and int?rn?t users, writ?r? ?r? b???ming high in d?m?nd ?? every bl?g needs ??m? sort of ?r??tiv? writing t? m?k? it ???ul?r. Y?u could also writ? as a fr??l?n??r for research.For in?t?n??, a company th?t deals in agriculture might be in need of ?gri?ultur?l statistics ?nd inn?v?ti?n but m?? n?t h?v? th? r???ur??? to ??rr? out th?t r????r?h.A? a fr??l?n??r ??u could ?t?? in ?nd run that r????r?h ?t a price ?f ??ur??.Wh?t?v?r ?kill ??u have in writing ??uld be ?ut t? good u?? ?? a fr??l?n??r. It could b?t??ing, ?diting, ?r??fr??ding ?r even tr?n?l?ting d??um?nt?.Th??? are ?kill? th?t ??uld b? needed ??m?wh?r? by someone and ?ll you need t? d? i? ju?t put ??ur??lf out th?r?. A?k people ?u??ti?n? and l?t th?m kn?w what ??u ??n d?.An?th?r r??ll? cool fr??l?n?ing job is graphic designing. Graphic d??ign i? the art ?r ?kill of ??mbining t?xt ?nd ?i?tur?? in advertisements, magazines, or b??k?.It ??n also b? ??id t? b? th? art and ?r??ti?? of ?l?nning ?nd proje cting id??? ?nd ?x??ri?n??? with vi?u?l ?nd t?xtu?l content. A gr??hi? d??ign?r combines t?xt, im?g?? and ??mb?l? to f?rm vi?u?l representations of ideas and messages.Graphic design ??uld b? created with hand or digit?ll?.Th??? designs ?r? created t? inform, in??ir? ?r ???tiv?t? ?udi?n???. With the ?dv?nt ?f th? int?rn?t and social media, gr??hi? d??ign?r? ?r? v?r? much in high d?m?nd.Thi? is because bu?in??? ?wn?r? w?nt t? ?lw??? ?h?ng? th?ir ?dv?rti??m?nt ??m??ign l??k ?r th?ir l?g? t? fit int? society.There are v?ri?u? ??m?ut?r ??ftw?r? that ??n be u??d for gr??hi? d??ign such as Ph?t??h??, Illu?tr?t?r, ?t?. Some ?f these d??ign apps ??n b? u??d ?n ??ur m?bil? d?vi?? so ??u don’t n??d t? b? a g?niu? before ??u ??n l??rn h?w t? create gr??hi? designs.Al??, gr??hi? designs d??? n?t h?v? to be d?n? digit?ll?. Sketch ?rti?t? and cartoonists are gr??hi? designers.If ??u kn?w h?w t? dr?w on ????r and can illu?tr?t? ?v?nt? ?r id??? with cartoons, you ??n ?ut th?t skill t? good u?? thr ?ugh fr??l?n?ing. You d?n’t h?v? t? b? a full ?t?ff ?f a m?di? h?u?? to d? thi?.Al??, ?k?t?hing i? ??m?thing th?t ??n b? d?n? in your fr?? tim?.This i? m?r? like m?king profit off ?f ??ur h?bb?!You ??uld ?ff?r ??ur w?rk to a newspaper or m?g?zin?. Y?ur illu?tr?ti?n? ??uld b? either ??liti??l, ?du??tiv? ?r ju?t ?ur?l? f?r ?nt?rt?inm?nt.Gr??hi? d??ign is quit? easy, once ??u h?v? th?t creative mind ?nd kn?w h?w to ??mbin? ?l?m?nt? t? f?rm meaning, you only n??d ??ur tools; th?t i?, a ??m?ut?r, ?m?rt?h?n? ?r pen ?nd ????r, and ??u’r? good t? go.W?b d?v?l??m?nt i? ?n?th?r real fun way t? m?k? ?xtr? cash ?n the ?id?.According t? Techopedia, web d?v?l??m?nt i? the coding ?r ?r?gr?mming th?t ?n?bl?? website fun?ti?n?lit?, per th? ?wn?r? r?quir?m?nt?.It m?inl? d??l? with the n?n-d??ign ?????t ?f building w?b?it??, whi?h in?lud?? ??ding ?nd writing markup.Web developers are highl? sought after t?d?? ?? a lot ?f ??m??ni?? and ?rg?niz?ti?n? ?r? tr?ing t? create ?n ?nlin? ?r???n??.T? do th? t they n??d a w?b?it?, ?nd t? ?r??t? a website th?? n??d ??u, a w?b d?v?l???r!G?t it?Th?nk? t? th? Internet, ??u ??n l??rn h?w to b? a web ?r?gr?mm?r with littl? ?r n? m?n??.On?? ??u learn how to develop w?b?it??, ??u can offer ??ur ??rvi??? ?? a fr??l?n??r. It i? ?l?? a fun w?? of making m?n?? ?? you get to learn new thing? ?b?ut ??ding ?v?r?d?? as th?r? ?r? new challenges in th? ??ding world. So ??u g?t to l??rn m?r? ?nd make money.Y?u ?l?? n??d t? m?k? sure th?t ??u do a good j?b b???u?? ??ur work will ?ut?m?ti??ll? speak f?r you.How?L?t’? ???um? I’m a bu?in??? ?wn?r that want t? finally take m? business online. The fir?t thing I’ll m??t likely do i? t? ?h??k out ?th?r ??m??ni??’ w?b?it? and study th?ir design.I’ll l??k ?t h?w ?ffi?i?nt th? website is ?nd h?w ???? it is t? navigate ?n the ??g?.On?? I see the ?n? I lik?, I’ll find a w?? to g?t th? person wh? designed ?u?h a sleek w?b?it? t? d??ign for m? ??m??n?. Since I’v? f?und ??ur w?rk, I have f?und ??u. So ?ut?m ?ti??ll?, ??ur w?rk h?? spoken f?r ??u.Another beautiful thing ?b?ut freelancing is that you can w?rk ?n any project fr?m anywhere in the world. Th?r? are ?v?nu?? ?nd platforms ??u ??uld j?in, ?ith?r a ?l?tf?rm lik? fr??l?n??r.??m  or Upwork, where you g?t t? setup your profile stating th? thing? you ??n d?, ??rvi??? ?r skills you ??n offer and have ?li?nt? ??? you f?r th??? ??rvi???.In 2014, C?itlin m?d? ?lightl? ?v?r $43,000 ?? a fr??l?n?? ?r??fr??d?r, whil? ?l?? g?ing on ??v?r?l fun vacations. If ??u ?r? looking f?r thing? t? d? in?t??d ?f w?t?hing TV, this m?? be ??m?thing t? look int?. L??rn m?r? ?t M?k? Money Proofreading B? Becoming A Fr??l?n?? Proofreader.On-Demand Private Driver If you can driv? and you own a ??r, th?n ??u ??n cash in ?n your vehicle ?nd offer t?xi services ?r?b?bl? ?ft?r or before work h?ur? depending ?n the type of j?b you g?t.This is a v?r? ???l way ?f making money on the ?id? as it r??uir?? little ?ff?rt ?nd money t? ?t?rt, ?in?? you ?lr??d? ?wn a car.A lot ?f ????l? h?v? ?lr??d? ventured into thi? bu?in??? ?? th?? h?v? ???n how lucrative it i?.I have actually come in contact with ??m? ?f th??? people.On? ?f them told me th?t b?f?r? he ?t?rt?d the ?riv?t? taxi business, he u??d to ???nd tim? ?ft?r w?rk ?t bars ju?t h?nging ?ut with fri?nd? ?nd then it hit him that h? could t?k? advantage of his ?xtr? time.Sin?? h? ?l???? from w?rk b? 4?m, and th?r?’? n? rush to g? home, h? stays ?t strategic ??int? ?nd g?t? rid?r? / customers for his taxi bu?in???.With ??m??ni?? like Uber ?r Lyft, rendering thi? t?xi ??rvi?? has b???m? considerably ???? ?nd fun.All ??u n??d t? d? is r?gi?t?r ?? a partner driv?r with th? ??m??ni?? ?nd ??u get t? find clients close to you. Ju?t sign u? with Ub?r and ?t?rt driving ????l? ?r?und.Y?ull m?k? wh?t you ?ut into it.Harry ?t Th? Rid? Sh?r? Guy h?? a l?t of gr??t resources about getting ?t?rt?d, in?luding a ??ur?? ?b?ut ?t?rting t? Rid?Sh?r? f?r Pr?fit. Y?u ??uld ?l?? driv? f?r Ub?rE?t? ?nd d?liv?r food.Wi th th?ir ????, ??u d?n’t n??d t? w?rr? ?b?ut rid?r?/?u?t?m?r?, as these d???; ????l? w?nt t? make lif? a littl? bit ???i?r for th?m??lv??, so th?? just use the taxi app to easily order a rid? t? th?ir d??tin?ti?n.Tutoring Tut?ring h?? ?r?v?n to be a really g??d ??ur?? ?f extra ???h ?v?r the ???r?.Think of it thi? w??; the ???i?t? i? gr?wing ?v?r? day in ???ul?ti?n, this tr?n?l?t?? t? m?r? ?tud?nt? in ??h??l, giving ri?? t? th? n??d f?r more tutors.S? if you are g??d ?t im???ting kn?wl?dg?, how ?b?ut giving tut?ring a tr?. 21?t ??ntur? ??r?nt? ?r? mostly ??r??r driv?n and bu?? th?t th?? barely h?v? the time t? h?l? their kid? ?ut with th?ir homework, so they r??uir? th? ??rvi??? of a tutor.Tutoring r?ng?? ??r??? school ?ubj??t? t? r??r??ti?n?l ??tiviti??.If ??u ?r? skilled in ?l??ing ?n? musical instrument, ??u are in high d?m?nd as many ????l? love to l??rn t? play these instruments ?? a ???t tim? ??tivit?.Experts in in?trum?nt? like the ?i?n?, guit?r ?nd drum? ?r? highly ??ught a fter and you ??uld m?k? a l?t ?f ???l ???h with your talent. N?w h?r?’? m?r? income with less ?ff?rt and ???it?l.Th?r? ?r? ?l?? websites that ??n help ??u g?t ?l???r t? your ?li?nt? such as preply.com ?nd tut?r.??m. You can register ?n ?u?h ?it?? t? ?n?bl? ??ur ?li?nt? h?v? ???? ?????? to ??u.Tut?ring i? n?t just f?r kid?. Stud?nt? in high ??h??l ?r ??ll?g??/univ?r?iti?? ?l?? require tut?r? because th?? ?ll need b?tt?r gr?d??.Th? tut?ring could b? online ?r ?n?-?n-?n?. Even th?ugh most ????l? ?r?f?r to learn ?n?-?n-?n?, you still n??d to m?rk?t ??ur??lf ?nlin? to find clients.An?th?r form of tut?ring i? life ?r fitness ????hing. You ??uld register in a g?m ?l??? t? you ?? a fitn??? in?tru?t?r ?r ?ff?r fitn??? ?dvi?? t? people both online and ?fflin?. Thi? g??? to ?h?w that ?v?r??n? has something t? t???h or im??rt in ?th?r?.Th?r?f?r?, do n?t tr? t? restrict yourself b? ???ing “I don’t h?v? th? ?u?lifi??ti?n? t? t???h a ??rti?ul?r ?ubj??t”.L??rning ?ut? across all fields ?nd ?n?? you put yourself out th?r?, th?r?’? ?lw??? someone w?iting t? learn ??m?thing from ??u whil? ??u m?k? your ???l ???h.Social Media Marketing A l?t ?f u? h?v? heard ?? mu?h about social m?di? m?rk?ting ?nd ???, it d??? ?r?vid? a g??d w?? ?f m?king ?xtr? cash.S??i?l m?di? m?rk?ting i? a form of int?rn?t m?rk?ting that inv?lv?? g?ining ?tt?nti?n ?r traffic by ?r??ting ?nd ?h?ring marketing ??nt?nt ?n social m?di? ?it??. As we all kn?w, social media i? one ?f the f??t??t gr?wing trends in th? world right now.It k???? ?v?lving ?? more u??? ?f th? social media ?r? di???v?r?d all th? time.S??i?l media m?rk?ting ??nt?nt i? u?u?ll? ?u?t?miz?d t? various social m?di? platforms to m??t th? demand of v?ri?u? social media u??r?.Alth?ugh ???i?l m?di? w?? ?r?b?bl? created with the ??l? intention ?f virtu?l ???i?lizing, it h?? ?r?v?n t? d? mu?h m?r? th?n chatting ?nd keeping u? t? d?t? with friends.If you h?v? a large f?ll?wing ?nd you have built enough tru?t with them, ??u might w?nt t? ??n? id?r l?v?r?ging on th?t t? m?k? m?n?? on th? side.Y?u ??n d? thi? b? making d??l? with ?r?du?t ?wn?r? ?nd ?r?m?ting th?ir products ?n ??ur social m?di? ??g?. Thi? d??l might inv?lv? you t?lking ?b?ut their ?r?du?t or service ?n your ??g?.With that tru?t ??ur f?ll?w?r? h?v?, they h??d ?v?r t? th? product’s ?it? ?nd ??u?? traffic th?r?. Thi? is u?u?ll? r?f?rr?d to ?? ?ffili?t? marketing where ??u u?? ??ur site to g?n?r?t? tr?ffi? in ??m??n? ?l??’? ?it?.Since th?t tr?ffi? w?? ??nt fr?m ??ur ??g?, ??u g?t a ??mmi??i?n for it.There ??u g?, ?xtr? m?n?? with little ?ff?rt.However, in d?ing affiliate m?rk?ting, ??u n??d t? m?k? ?ur? ??ur ?li?nt’? ?r?du?t? ?r? g?nuin? ?? ?? n?t t? lose the trust ?f ??ur f?ll?w?r? b???u?? ?n?? th?t tru?t is l??t, ??u l??? ??ur f?ll?w?r? which translate t? l??ing ??ur ??ur?? ?f extra income.Y?u ?h?uld ?l?? disclose your ?ffili?t? r?l?ti?n?hi?? with ??ur f?ll?w?r?. Though in some ????? it m?? b? a l?g?l r??uir?m?nt but it i? always n??????r?. Your followe rs will ???r??i?t? th? h?n??t? ?nd will not feel like th?? ?r? b?ing used.S??n??r?hi?? w?rk in ?lm??t th? ??m? w?? ?? ?ffili?t? m?rk?ting ?? ??u g?t t? ?r?m?t? businesses. H?r? ??u probably d?n’t n??d to ??? ?n?thing ?b?ut th? product. All that’s r??uir?d ?f you is t? ?h?r? ???n??r?d ???t?.Th? sponsors will d??ign th?ir ?dv?rt and th?n you ?h?r? it on your page b???u?? th?? kn?w th?t ??m? of their t?rg?t audiences ?r? ??ur f?ll?w?r? ?nd th?t i? a good w?? ?f r???hing th?m.Create Craft If you ?r? a ?r??tiv? person with ?kill? t? design ?nd ?r??t? ?m?zing ?r?du?t? th?t other people w?uld need, you can d?finit?l? m?k? money off it. Y?u ??uld open a ?h?? ?n Et?? ?nd ??ll your ?r?ft? t? ?th?r? wh? are l??king f?r unique products.This kind ?f creativity ??m?? in diff?r?nt forms.C?t?ring i? one m?j?r form ?f talent that could h?l? garner ?xtr? income. Fr?m ??k??, confectionary ?nd ?v?n ???king, ??t?ring is ?lw??? in high d?m?nd ?? ??l?br?ti?n? n?v?r go out ?f ?t?l?.Th?r? i? always ??m? thing to celebrate b? it birthd??, w?dding, ?nniv?r??r?, ?r?m?ti?n ?r just ?r?ving?, ????l? n??d th? ??rvi??? of a ??t?r?r ?lm??t every d??.This i? a really g??d w?? to m?k? m?n?? ?n the ?id? as ??u ??n u?? it ?? ??ur w??k?nd j?b. It might take ??m? m?n?? to ?t?rt but it would ?ur?l? be w?rth it at th? ?nd.An?th?r craft th?t will g?t you ?xtr? profit i? f??hi?n designing. Y?u can’t go a d?? without ?l?th??; th?t i? a f??t.If you are skilled in m?king ?l?th?? you ??uld turn it t? a side j?b ?nd m?k? profit. Y?u ??n ??w fr?m home ?? ??u d?n’t need t? h?v? a shop.I kn?w a l?d?, who learnt h?w t? sew ?nd began making dresses f?r h?r??lf.S??n a lot ?f ????l? ?t her place ?f w?rk w?nt?d t? wear h?r t??? of ?l?th?? ?nd she ?ui?kl? turned it int? a ?id? bu?in???.In a week, ?h? ??uld m?k? ?? much ?? $500 d???nding ?n how m?n? ?l?th?? ?h? is ?bl? to design.Also, if ??u are t?l?nt?d in m?king j?w?lr?, you might want t? consider turning it t? a ?id? gig. Th?r? i? a n?w ?r?z? f?r f?n?? ?r ?u ?t?miz?d throw-pillows.If you know h?w t? m?k? th?m, d?n’t just ?it th?r? ?nd l?t ????rtuniti?? ???? you b?.St?rt ?r??ting and m?king money.You d?n’t h?v? t? even know how t? d? it, ??u ??n b? ??m? sort of middl?m?n. Thi? i? more lik? marketing but the person ??u ?r? ??lling to m?? not n??d to kn?w if you m?k? it ??ur??lf ?r not.In ?dditi?n, m?k? u? ?rti?tr? has become a v?r? lucrative business. M?k?-u? ?rti?t? or MUA ?? th?? like to be called ?r? very mu?h in high d?m?nd.If ??u ?lw??? g?t compliments on your m?k?u? and your fri?nd? are ?lw??? b?gging ??u t? d? their makeup, you ?h?uld kn?w th?t you h?v? the talent for makeup and ?h?uld d?finit?l? take advantage of it.Y?u might h?v? t? l??rn a bit more t? m?k? your w?rk look more professional but h??, ??u’v? g?t th? internet.Th?r? ?r? a l?t of makeup tut?ri?l? ?n YouTube th?t ??u ??n u?? t? g?t t? ??u’r? a-game.Al??, if ??u ?r? t?l?nt?d in br?iding ?r styling h?ir, you should d?finit?l? turn it t? a ?id? hustle. You ??uld d? v?t? ??ur w??k?nd? t? m?king ?r ?t?ling hair f?r people ?nd ??u will ?ur?l? make a wh?l? lot of ?xtr? money.Th? m??t important thing is th? creativity with which ??u carry out ??ur work ?nd with time ??u will gain a l?t ?f ?u?t?m?r?.On? v?r? important thing to r?m?mb?r ?? a craftsman i? t? always t?k? pictures of ??ur work. You can ???t th??? ?i?tur?? on ?ll ??ur social media ?l?tf?rm? so that people ?r? aware ?f your t?l?nt?, especially ?n In?t?gr?m ?nd Facebook.Al??, try to g?t ?u?t?m?r? t? l??v? g??d r?vi?w? ?f ??ur work ?n ??ur ???i?l media pages. Th? g??d thing ?b?ut ?r?ft i? that ??ur w?rk will always ????k v?lum?? f?r ??u.Most tim??, ????l? rely on th??? t??tim?ni?l? and th? vi?u?l? to judg? ?n wh?th?r to ??tr?niz? ?r n?t, so always ?ut in ??ur b??t to ?n? craft ??u decide t? t?k? on and w?t?h h?w th?t ?id? j?b ???? off.Sell Items Online M?rk?ting, which refers to ??lling ?r?du?t? ?r ??rvi??? is ?n?th?r good way t? m?k? extra in??m? for yourself. If ??u have stuff that ??u ?l r??d? own but you don’t n??d th?m anymore but th?? are ?till in g??d ??nditi?n, you can sell them off.Th?nk? to the internet, ??u d?n’t h?v? t? t?k? ??ur g??d? door t? d??r in ?rd?r to sell. You can d? th?t from where ?v?r you are, ?? l?ng ?? you h?v? an internet ?n?bl?d d?vi??, that’s either a mobile ?h?n?, t?bl?t ?r l??t??.S?lling stuff ?nlin? h?? b???m? ?n? ?f the bigg??t tr?nd? ?? ????l? now ?r?f?r virtual ?h???ing t? ??tu?ll? g?ing t? stores. Th?? w?nt t? explore th? it?m?, g?t r?vi?w? from other ?u?t?m?r? before m?king a ?ur?h???.It m?? ?h??k ??u the numb?r of people th?t are willing t? bu? ?u?h ?r?du?t?. A? l?ng as th? ?r?du?t? ?r? ?u?lit? materials, ?u?t?m?r? are ?lw??? th?r?. It ranges from children’s toys t? b??k? and even ?l??tri??l ???li?n???.Sit?? lik? ebay.com and Cr?ig?li?t h?v? made it v?r? easy t? get in t?u?h with ?u?t?m?r?.All ??u n??d t? d? is t? r?gi?t?r as a ??ll?r and ?l??? ??ur goods. A bu??r wh? i? int?r??t?d in your it?m? will ??nt??t ??u ?nd viola, item ??ld, m?n?? made.It doesn’t ?v?n matter when ??u run out ?f items t? ??ll. Y?u ??n offer t? sell ??m??n? ?l??’? items. Here it i? ?nl? fair th?t ??u give the ??r??n a cut from th? m?n?? made but th? ???l thing is th?t you g?t to m?k? m?n?? with z?r? ?ff?rt.Photography Ph?t?gr??h? i? a r??ll? fun ?rt. Y?u see the l?v?l? f?rm?ti?n of th? clouds ?r a beautiful l?nd????? ?nd t?k? a picture ?f it, ?dit it and ju?t r?v?l at th? w?nd?r? ?f n?tur?.N?w think d????r, wh?t if you ??ll thi? w?nd?rful ?i?tur??If ??u h?v? a digital ??m?r? ?nd ??u ?r? skilled in ???turing w?nd?rful m?m?nt?, ??u might want t? consider u?ing ??ur ?h?t?gr??h? ?kill? ?? an extra ?dg? t? m?k? m?n??. It all depends on your l?v?l of ?r??tivit?. Y?u can turn a biz?rr? l???ti?n t? tourist fantasy l???ti?n with your ?i?tur??.Ph?t?gr??h?r? are always n??d?d t? h?l? ??mm?m?r?t? special events and occasions f?r ????l?. It d???n’t matter if ??u ?wn a photo ?tudi? or not, ??u can ?h??t photos f?r ?li?nt? in the ?utd? ?r?.All ??u n??d t? d? is to g?t the w?rd out th?r? ?? th?t people can patronize you. You ??uld ?t?rt with taking pictures ?f f?mil?, fri?nd? ?nd ??ll??gu??, and fr?m th?m you ??n gr?w.S??i?l media would ?l?? play a large r?l? in g?tting you ?ut ?? ??u n??d t? post ??ur pictures online f?r ????l? t? see how g??d you ?r?. S???i?l photo ?h??t? always ?ttr??t ????l? t? ??ur social m?di? ??g?.Su?h photo shoots in?lud?; birthday ?h??t?, ?r?-w?dding ?h?t??, maternity shoots, n?w b?rn shoots and family ??rtr?it?. Y?u might want t? check in with l???l ?h?t?gr??h?r? to kn?w th?ir ?ri?ing ?? th?t you ??n stay ??m??titiv?.Y?u ??uld ?l?? sell ??ur ?i?tur?? to n?w?????r?, m?g?zin?? ?r bl?g?. Y?u could be in a concert ?nd ???tur? a g??d moment ?f a ??l?brit? ?r even a scandalous one. Ent?rt?inm?nt n?w? media or blogs w?uld ?lw??? w?nt ??m?thing t? talk ?b?ut. Y?u ??n sell that picture ?nd m?k? ??m? cool ???h.A ??u?l? ?f platforms have f??tur?? wh?r? ??u ??n ??ll ??ur pictures and ?till k??? ????r ight?, platforms lik? ?hutt?r?t??k, f?t?li?, ?h?t??h?lt?r ?nd i?t??k?h?t? are r??ll? g??d w??? to start.Al??, since ??u ?r? using ?h?t?gr??h? ?nl? as a w?? t? m?k? ?xtr? money, you ??n g?t a gig ?? ?n ???i?t?nt ?h?t?gr??h?r.Thi? is ??tu?ll? a thing but m??t ????l? h?v?n’t di???v?r?d it.Here’s h?w it w?rk?.Wh?n a professional photographer is b??k?d for an ?v?nt, he ?r ?h? m?? n?t b? ?bl? t? ??v?r the ?v?nt ?l?n? ?nd w?uld n??d a ????nd ?h??t?r. Y?u ??n ?ff?r ??ur services ?? ?n ???i?t?nt photographer ?nd you kn?w ??u will surely be compensated f?r ??ur w?rk.In f??t thi? will help ??u t? g?in m?r? ?x??ri?n?? and ??nfid?n?? ?? a ?h?t?gr??h?r. Y?u ju?t n??d to ??nt??t local ?h?t?gr??h?r? around you ?nd ?ff?r ??ur service.You ??uld ?l?? use your n?tw?rk? and ???i?l ?ir?l? to find someone in n??d ?f ??ur service. You ??n ?l?? r?gi?t?r with ?h?t?gr??h? sites t? b???m? a ??rtn?r photographer.Ju?t lik? any ?th?r creative fi?ld, photography r??uir?? passion ?nd persistence f?r ??u t? ??rn from it. You need t? know and master h?w t? use ??ur ??ui?m?nt.IMPORTANCE ?F ?XTR? IN??M?Success i? almost t?t?ll? dependent upon drive ?nd ??r?i?t?n??. Th? extra energy r?quir?d to make ?n?th?r ?ff?rt or tr? ?n?th?r ???r???h i? th? secret ?f winning. D?ni? W?itl??Th?r? i? ?lw??? th? need t? m?k? ?xtr? m?n?? ?v?n wh?n ??ur full tim? j?b ???? ??u w?ll.Y?u n??d that extra cash f?r a rainy d??.M??t tim?? ?ur day j?b can b? r??ll? b?ring, b???u?? ??u g?t to r????t th? ??m? thing every single d??.But with a w?? of m?king ?xtr? in??m?, ??u g?t to d? ?th?r things outside ??ur regular job, you g?t t? l??rn m?r?, ??u get to ??rn m?r?. Y?u g?t th? ????rtunit? t? ?x?l?r? other fi?ld? ?nd t??t ??ur entrepreneurial ?kill?.The g??d thing ?b?ut thi? i? th?t, whil? testing the w?t?r?, ??u h?v? ??m?thing stable to rely ?n ?? ?v?n when ?n? fails, you don’t have t? giv? up.Thi? ?id? trade i? mostly something ??u ?lr??d? ?nj?? d?ing ?? it’s fun and ??u get t? m?k? ?xtr? money.M?r? money m??n? m?r ? ???urit?, m?r? freedom t? m?k? ?xtr? ?x??n??? with?ut over thinking the im?li??ti?n? on your budg?t.R?m?mb?r th?t the customer b??? ?lr??d? ?xi?t?.All you n??d to d? i? r???h out t? ????l? in ??ur n?tw?rk ?r find people in your ???i?l circle, fri?nd?, relatives, who might need ??ur ??rvi??? ?r ?r?du?t?. Ev?r??n? knows some bu?in??? owner ?nd ?v?r? business ?wn?r needs some work done by ??m??n? n? m?tt?r h?w littl? ?r in?ignifi??nt it may look.Y?u would b? surprised th? money they are willing t? pay for just that supposed ”???? job”.S? tr? t? t?lk t? people, ?ff?r ??ur ??rvi???, it ??uld b? ?h??? at first, th? m??t im??rt?nt thing i? t? ?t?rt and u w?uld not r?gr?t it. Like th? ???ul?r ??? g???, “R?m? wasnt built in a d??, ?t?rt building ??ur R?m? t?d??.

The Opioid Crisis What Goes Up, Must Come Down - 955 Words

THE OPIOID CRISIS 1 The Opioid Crisis: What Goes Up, Must Come Down Pam Lane Incest, Sexual Abuse, and Trauma MHT214 Spring May 1 st , 2017 Professor Bonnie Cole Lesson 13 Assignment THE OPIOID CRISIS 2 Abstract My personal perception of opioid addiction used to be someone shooting up heroin, an illicit drug, and overdosing was just the inevitable end on the pathway of addiction. It was something distant to me, and in my mind, only happened in the back alleys of cities. When my first cousin became addicted to heroin as part of the â€Å"Dead Head† culture, following the Grateful Dead band around as a groupie, it became personal. He struggled many years with his addiction, and was admitted to drug rehab†¦show more content†¦If OPR are the gateway drug to heroin addiction, it was their increased availability that fueled the opioid crisis. Kolodny et al. (2015), also noted that Purdue Pharma, the manufacturer of OxyContin, started the aggressive promotion of their product for pain treatment shortly after introducing it in 1995, which changed the conservative prescribing practices previously followed by physicians, and ultimately led to the overprescribing of OPR for pain treatment. Paulozzi, Jones, Mack, Rudd. (2011), reported that the increase in production of OPR has closely paralleled the increase in overdose rates. Prescriptions for OPR are easily obtainable from high volume prescribers at pain clinics, who provide them to patients without oversight. OPR are often used illegally, taken by family members, friends, or sold for nonmedical use. Even with the best case scenario, an individual with a valid prescription of OPR is still at risk for addiction, and possible overdose. THE OPIOID CRISIS 4 The response to the opioid epidemic needs to address all the factors that contribute to it. 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She was discharged from the hospital 10 days ago and comes in today stating, â€Å"I just had to come to the hospital today because I cant catch my breath and my legs are as big as tree trunks.† After further questioning, you learn she is strictly following the fluid and salt restriction ordered during her last hospital admission. She reports gaining 1 to 2 pounds every day since her discharge. 1. What error in teaching most likely occurred when M.G. was discharged 10 days agoRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words   |  143 Pageson the environment 192-199 Reproduction in man 200-201 References 202 Introduction Many people live their lives without having a clue about certain things pertaining to science and its impact on living. They remain dark when it comes on to having an understanding of how the scientific things of this world actually work. This portfolio was done as a means of fulfilling the requirements for the course Science for Living, but it will also prove highly beneficial to any reader thatRead MoreNursing Essay41677 Words   |  167 Pagescare services provided to the American public? Nursing represents the largest sector of the health professions, with more than 3 million registered nurses in the United States. The question presented to the committee that produced this report was: What roles can nursing assume to address the increasing demand for safe, highquality, and effective health care services? In the near term, the new health care laws identify great challenges in the management of chronic conditions, primary care (includingRead MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 Pagesoperating with both integrity and transparency. We are looking to deliver shareholder value through growth of a diversiï ¬ ed and global business, by delivering more products of value, simplifying our operating model and by running our business responsibly. What follows is our report to shareholders for 2010. Progress we have made in the year can also be seen by visiting our website: www.gsk.com/corporatereporting Notice regarding limitations on Director Liability under English Law Under the UK Companies

Sexual Education During The Late 1900 S - 1428 Words

Human nature has shaped and developed many different social norms in our society, however, they also create many social problems when conflicting views come under scrutinization. Sexual education in America has been problematic since the late 1900’s because there is simply a lack of it. Sexual education has transformed over a hundred years, abated by the effect of religious upbringings and conservative outlooks. However, as evolved as it is today, it is still a national issue because of the ongoing struggle of comprehensive sexual education against abstinence, and in the midst of the two, students are still not being exposed to proper sexual health. Sexual education started towards the beginning of the 1900’s when industrialization was†¦show more content†¦After WWI broke out, so did a major amount of STDs in America, and the only way the American public could address the problem was to turn to different outlets of the medias to support abstinence. A movie was created in the early part of the war, Fit to Fight (retitled to Fit to Win after the war) where the 5 characters in the movie went off to war and 3 of them had sex with prostitutes and the ones who has touched the prostitutes all have various degrees of consequences (Lord). Furthermore, the U.S. was not prepared for sexual education to the masses, and the government struggled between trying to educate our soldiers of venereal diseases while successfully not crossing the lines of â€Å"moral values† (Lord). When the 1920s arrived, sex ed became a proponent of promoting family life. It evangelized the pre-marital chastity. Sexual fulfillment is frowned upon and sex continues to be viewed as a method of procreation. However, sex ed classes were held in biology classes, thus allowing the students a more clinical setting to study about their sexual health rather than being preached at in class for their â€Å"moral conducts.† There also appeared to be an inclusion of sociological examples within the lessons against abstinences. Lucy S Curtiss, an English teacher from Connecticut composed an implementation of sex ed through her paper, â€Å"Sex Instructions through English Literature†, in 1923. She refers to sex as a â€Å"social evil† and counter-argued that sex needs to be explicitly

The Enemy Within Free Essays

Juan Conde Professor Muniz 19 November 2012 English 67 The Enemy Within Throughout life everyone is forced to face their own worst enemy and will have a lot of trouble confronting and dealing with them that worst enemy will always be themselves. This enemy brings many problems and inner conflicts that are difficult to solve. Everyone has their own way of coping with these problems, some more critical than others. We will write a custom essay sample on The Enemy Within or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the book Drugstore Cowboy, by James Fogle, the main character Bob deals with this dichotomy in different was throughout the book and his two sides are very easily differentiated. Throughout the book Bob is faced with difficult decisions and has the choice of either being that humane and caring man or the cruel and manipulative man that he can be. As he is making these decisions Bob has to not only think of the situation but also make sure that his crew is safe or if he needs to use them. Bob is a very complex individual with two conflicting sides to him, one that is used to show his humane and caring nature and the other is used to intimidate or manipulate people. Deep down, Bob is a caring and humane man. He protects his crew with his life; he puts himself on the line for his crew and for the people he cares about like his mother and Diane. This side of Bob is made very clear when he visits his mother and shows her nothing but respect and he even shows some humility when speaking to her. When Bob’s mom exclaims that Bob is a thief he replies, â€Å"Jesus, Mama, when have I ever stole anything from your house? Name me one thing I ever took from you without telling you? Just name me one thing? † (Fogle58). The way he replies and speaks to his mother shows that he has the outmost respect for her, his way of talking to his mother shows humility. When speaking with his mother he always calls her mama or mom; he never called her by her first name or by anything else. Bob also shows a lot of submissiveness when he is with his mom, it seems like he still feels like a little kid when he talks or confronts her. Bob would do anything for his wife, Diane. Bob loved Diane; when he first met her he felt like she wasn’t like other woman. Bob took Diane cross-roading but had the intentions of stealing her car, instead he fell for her. Fogle comes to explain how Bob felt about Diane, â€Å"Bob loved Diane body and soul by then. Even narcotics had never brought him the pleasure and satisfaction that Diane did back then â€Å"(166). It seems like Bob is truly a caring and humane person because of how he felt and still feels about Diane. Bob seems to put Diane before himself subconsciously he might not want people to see how much he really cares about her but deep down she means everything to him, he will defend her as much as he can. It also seems that Bob only wants to keep Diane happy but he thinks that the only way he can do that is with narcotics. Bob seems to always try to hide how he feels about the people close to him because he is scared that something might happen to them and he just wants them to be safe and out of harm’s way; he is truly a caring and protective individual. On the other hand Bob can also be a very maniacal and manipulative, he can even seem inhuman and cruel; he uses any means necessary to obtain what he is after, he finds a way to manipulate and control people to make his plans go how he wants. Bob will use people to control a situation to go in his favor without any resentment about what happens to the other people. Bob show his manipulative side when he told his crew: â€Å"I just wrote the narcos and anonymously told them that the reason they could never catch Bob Hughes for possession of narcotics was that he had an arrangement with the guy that lived on the north side of him†(Fogle 82). Bob doesn’t seem to have any problem using people to get what he wants he doesn’t seem to have a conscience. Most of Bob’s actions show how he is a manipulative man, he uses people in order achieve what he wants. Bob would go through any means necessary in order to get whatever he wants. Through Bob’s actions it seems that he is nothing but a selfish man that only cares about what he will receive from the situation. It seems that Bob only wants to do only what he will benefit from; he doesn’t seem to care about anything or anyone else. Bob is also cruel and inhumane towards his own crew. When Bob walks into the room after an attempt to get drugs he sees Nadine’s dead body and a hat on the bed; he then pays more attention and is more worried about having a hat on the bed than Nadine being dead. After seeing Rick balling and crying over her â€Å"Bob shook his head in disgust. ’She beat you, man. Your own woman beat you out of part of your own cut on a score. She got what she deserves’† (Fogle 134). This shows how Bob not only doesn’t care about what happened to her, but also he has been desensitized to death, he only cares about the fact that she wasted the drugs and left them with the burden of having to get rid of a dead body. Bob only sees that because he feels like she cheated them out of the drugs and they can’t do anything about it. Bob also seems to react this way because of how Nadine has acted in the past, she would complain a lot and always wanted more than she could handle. Throughout the book Bob shows that he can and will use and manipulate people into doing what he wants so that he gets what he wants and whatever it is he has been working for. In both scenes Bob shows how he can get into people’s heads and make sure that they do whatever he wants them to do to achieve whatever he wants. Life is full of nothing but conflicts and difficult situations and everyone has their own way of dealing with them. Throughout the book, Drugstore Cowboy, Bob is put through various difficult situations which he handles in one of two ways: being a humane and caring man or being a manipulative and maniacal man. Bob is depicted as both a caring and maniacal man in the sense that he cares a lot about his crew but also if the situation calls for it he will not care at all for them. Bob will manipulate anyone who gets in his way of obtaining what he wants, but he cares for those close to him but will sometimes even use them in order to get what he wants. Bob has a very complex way of living and thinking and it is showed in various ways throughout the book. Work Cited Fogle, James. Drugstore Cowboy. New York: Dell Publishing, 1990. Print. How to cite The Enemy Within, Essay examples

Network Routing Protocol

Question: Describe about the Network Routing Protocol. Answer: Structure of IPv4 Host identifier Network identifier IPV4 classes Address classes are organizational structure of IP address which defines the network address and node address part. These addresses also define the maximum possible computer network size. The classes determine the bits of address used to identify network, identify host computer as well as total number of host subnets allowed per network Internet Protocol (IP) Network This is a network for communication that send and receive packet messages using IP usually between computing networks. IP network is implemented using LAN, and enterprise networks. The host network nodes are configured using TCP/IP suite Sub-network is a logical section of the IP network. The IP network is sub-divided into small sections called sub-networks through a process called sub-netting. Subnet mask When IP address is divided into host and network division a 32 bit number is achieved as a result. This number is called subnet mask. An example of subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. Whereby the number 255.255.255 is the network division and 0 is the host division To make Subnet mask the network bits are set to all 1s and host bits to 0s. Two host addresses are not allocated to host but they are reserved for special purposes. Network address gets 0 address while broadcast 255 of the special two host address Size of subnet 255 128. C.192 224 e. 240 f. 248 g.252 h. 254 i. 255 224 k. 240 l. 248 m.252 Addressing plan Assuming the last two numbers of my id number is 15. Then the is address is 191.115.0.0 20 pcs Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0 Network IP: 191.115.0.0 First host IP: 191.151.0.1 Last host IP: 191.151.0.18 Broadcast IP: 191.151.0.19 50pcs Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0 Network IP: 191.115.0.0 First host IP: 191.151.0.1 Last host IP: 191.151.0.48 Broadcast IP: 191.151.0.49 100pcs Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 Network IP: 191.115.0.0 First host IP: 191.151.0.1 Last host IP: 191.151.0.98 Broadcast IP: 191.151.0.99 200pcs Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 Network IP: 191.115.0.0 First host IP: 191.151.0.1 Last host IP: 191.151.0.198 Broadcast IP: 191.151.0.199 400 pcs Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 Network IP: 191.115.0.0 First host IP: 191.151.1.0 Last host IP: 191.151.1.0 Broadcast IP: 191.151.1.0 IP routing IP routing is an umbrella of protocols that define the path to be followed by data as it moves between source network nodes and destination network nodes. The data is routed from source node to destination node via several series across several networks. It allows devices on various TCP/IP networks connect to each other and once connected it offers communication path Routing Metric These metrics that the router uses to make routing decisions. A metric is one among fields of a routing table. It can hold any number of values the define the best route from several routes provided. Difference between Dynamic and static routing In Static router, packet routing is done manually whereby it sets the optimal paths between source and destination nodes manually. The router is configured to send data traffic to given destinations in already configured routes. On the other hand in dynamic routers the process of routing is done using OSPF, BGP, ISIS and EIGRP protocols. These defines routing paths the traffic will use to destination. The protocols update the routing table and find the optimal path between source and destination nodes. Distance vector and link state Distant vector uses distance vector routing protocol that has bellman-ford algorithm whereby routing information is exchanged connected neighbors directly while the link state routing use link state routing protocol that has shortest path first where all routers know the reachable paths by other network routers. All routers in link state routing have a copy of synchronized link state database Static routing configuration RA# RA# RA#sh IP route RA#sh IP route RB# RB#conf t RB(config)# RB(config)#IP route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1 RB(config)# RB(config)# RB(config)

Voyles V. the State of Texas Court Case Summary free essay sample

In 2000, the Arlington Police Department received information stating that Earnest Leon Voyles had exchanged emails that contained sexual content with a fifteen year old girl from London, England. According to this informant the fifteen year old girl, â€Å"Amy Chang†, had been solicited for sex by Voyles and had arranged to meet with her in London to engage in a sexual relationship. Sergeant James Crouch of the Arlington Police Department was unsuccessful in contacting â€Å"Amy Chang† to verify the arrangement but was not successful, however, he was successful in verifying that Voyles was working as a teacher at a junior high located in Arlington, Texas. Working with the information provided by the informant, Sergeant Crouch, sent an email to Voyles describing himself as a fifteen year old girl named â€Å"C. J. Best† on December 28, 2000. In this email â€Å"C. J. Best† told Voyless that she was looking for a new chat buddy and that she had gotten his address through some friends and that she lived in Forth Worth, Texas. We will write a custom essay sample on Voyles V. the State of Texas Court Case Summary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page About two and a half hours later Voyles responded to the email indicating that he was interested in being chat buddies with â€Å"C. J. Best. † On January 19, 2001, after several emails were exchanged between Voyles and â€Å"Best† Sergeant Crouch obtained search warrants for Voyles home and work computers where the Arlington Police Department found and â€Å"seized child pornography off the hard drives of each unit. Voyles was charged and indicted for possession of child pornography which is a third degree felony. In 2002, alleging that the evidence that the Arlington Police Department obtained from both his home and work computers was inadmissible claiming an unlawful search and seizure in violation of the First and Fourth Amendments to the United States Constitution and article I of the Texas Constitution, Voyles filed a motion to suppress. The Fourth Amendment and Article I of the Texas Constitution provides that a defendant has standing to challenge the admission of evidence obtained by an intrusion by the government or a private individual only if he had a legitimate expectation of privacy in the place invaded. Although the trial court granted Voyles’s motion to suppress all of the evidence from his home computer they denied his motion to suppress the evidence obtained on his work computer; stating that the evidence was admissible because Voyles â€Å"had no reasonable expectation of rivacy in his work computer. † Although Voyles stated that he took precautions to prevent others from accessing or viewing items on his work computer the State argued that he had no expectation of privacy because the computer was owned by the school district, was located in a public classroom that was designed not only for teaching students, but was designed to be available for use by substitute teachers. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals has articulated several factors as relevant in determining if the defendant’s subjective expectation is recognized as objectively reasonable, most notably, â€Å"whether he had complete dominion or control and the right to exclude others† from the information on the computer and the use of the computer. As stated earlier, because the computer was owned by the Arlington School District, Voyles clearly did not have complete dominion or control over the computer or the files located on the hard drive of the computer. The court also brought up the fact that the computer was placed in the classroom by the school district for classroom laboratory work related purposes that allowed Voyles to teach his students about computers; not for Voyles’s personal or private use. Considering all of this information Voyles failed to establish a reasonable expectation of privacy regarding his work computer and the data stored in it. He could not contest the admission of the evidence seized from his work computer or the affidavit executed to support the search warrant that authorized the search of his school computer; a computer that despite not allowing someone else to use or even by placing a password on could still be used by students or substitute teachers through the assistance of the Information Technology Department.

The Smoking Ban in Corpus Christi,TX or issues for the Smoking Ban

The Smoking Ban in Corpus Christi,TX or issues for the Smoking Ban A smoking ban has been passed in Corpus Christi, TX which will begin February 1, 2005. This ban will affect all restaurants that have been allowing smoking in their environment. Many people are against this ban, but because of health risks, the lack of courteousness, and environmental problems, the smoking ban should be enforced.Since the discovery that second hand smoke can be dangerous to others, many people have a problem with being in smoking environments. Second hand smoke can cause serious health problems for people exposed to it, and avoiding it in restaurants is hard to do. Secondhand smoke is serious business and should be a concern for anyone who breathes it in. It is a shame that people can not even go to their favorite places to eat because of this issue. Families with young children are usually most likely concerned about second hand smoke. People should be able to go to any restaurant without having to worry about being exposed to second hand smoke.King Eddie's Restaura nt, 1954Having smoking sections in restaurants is telling people that sit in the non smoking sections that they are free of the second hand smoke, which is not true. Smoke travels throughout the restaurants just as the smell of the restaurants food does. The smoke gets into the vents and is then blown throughout the restaurant. Most people just do not realize it because the smell of their food might overpower the smell of the smoke. It does not mean that the harmful particles and molecules are not in the air because they are, and everyone in these restaurants is breathing in second hand smoke whether they realize it or not. No one should be forced to breathe in air tainted with cigarette smoke. The smoking ban should be enforced so non smokers...

Swimming (Pleasures and meanings) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Swimming (Pleasures and meanings) - Essay Example Swimming is a pleasure that engages the literary interpretations of water, the individual and the public seeking to refresh and make new their spirit through the flow of cooling water over their bodies. Clients Name Name of Professor Name of Class Date The Pleasure of Swimming Water flows around the body, the pressure made by cupped hands propelling the movement forward or back, as the flesh parts the liquid and glides through. There is little resistance as movement presses it, manipulating the shape, and using it to change direction or displace oneself from one distinct space to the next. Never the same nor ever not defined through its volume, the shifting current is always about what is new. Water refreshes and refines, carrying great symbolism in the literary discourse, while still having stable and concrete purpose in the physical world. Nothing in the world represents purity in quite the same way as water, even though in its natural state it is constantly full of different types of bacteria, algae, and life. Bodies are mostly water, tears are water, and the road to health is full of water. Swimming through water is a pleasure of the spirit, one of the most solitary sports that, even in a room full of spectators, becomes an interaction of quiet between the water and the swimmer. Pleasure and sensation are not the same thing because pleasure is a definition of a type of sensation. The philosophy of pleasure is tied to the physiology of sensation, but sensation is not always required for pleasure. Puccetti conducted experiments trying to define the pleasure centers and concluded that pleasure was within the brain and could be located, but despite the fact that he also found the center of punishment, and that a monkey would deteriorate quickly if the punishment center was stimulated repeated over the course of hours, indicates that there is more to punishment and pleasure than can be found in physiological discourse. Pleasure is a discourse as much as an exper ience. It is the framing of ideas that result in something that extends into the social and cultural experience. Swimming is an event that can be discussed through a great many different concepts. Swimming is an isolated event, the water creating barriers between one swimmer and the next. It is also a social event where crowds of people come together to enjoy the nature of water, the cooling effect that it has on a summer day or the atmosphere it brings for enjoying the interactions of family and friends. Sometimes it involves a sporting event where crowds gather to watch the prowess of a swimmer, their sleek, long muscles gliding fervently through the water. Akiko Busch discusses the idea of swimming as a way in which to cross a divide, to summon up enough spirit to conquer space and one’s position in the greater scheme of life. When Busch took up the challenge to swim across the Hudson River, a great many cultural connections became apparent through the course of the event. The Hudson River is a place of deep history. In the late 1990s a team of scientists decided to create a sonar map of the river bed floor in order to investigate data relevant to marine life habitation. However, what they discovered was more than 200 wrecks that catalogued centuries of history from the time of the American Revolution, through the subsequent river tragedies. In addition, a 3000 year old wall

UNITED NATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW Assignment

UNITED NATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW - Assignment Example Its formation was with an aim of with promoting dignity and good international relations, uphold good environmental efforts and ensure peace through disarmament policy1. However, the recent Liberia crisis that led to ousting of its leadership has raised growing concern about the commitment of U.N in fostering peace. Throughout period, the Rwandan genocide continued the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) conflicts among many other examples have painted a bad picture of the ability of U.N to upheld peace2. The military action in Libya that led to increasing loss of lives and rise in humanitarian crisis was a big blow to the United Nations goal of sustainability of peace. In this paper, I examine historical functions of United Nations in Africa and beyond. The continued effort to ensure peaceful coexistence in Africa and the historical background of the United Nations and peacekeeping missions in Africa will form the basis of this essay. In addition, I argue that there have been many controversies. Peacekeeping has been ratified by the Charter of the United Nations as an important strategy that gives the Security Council powers to take collective action to ensure peace prevail. There are two primary means of promoting peace through the United Nations, firstly the troops that comprise representatives from member countries is set to undertake the mission. In other incidences, the United Nations authorizes regional bodies such as North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), African Union and other regional bodies to undertake peaceful settlement of peace. Today, Africa is the biggest source troops to the peacekeeping missions. Coincidentally, Africa has seen the worst history of civil unrest, destabilization of the government over the past three decades. African continent bore the greatest brunt of peacekeeping mission. As early as 1960-64, Congo experienced severe civil unrest leading to intervention by the UN through formation of United Nations

Corporate Social Responsibility In Mauritius Accounting Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility In Mauritius Accounting Essay ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to scrutinize the current practice of CSR that firms in the financial sector and the tourism sector, more precisely banks and hotels, have to engage themselves in CSR activities and to investigate the relationship between CSR and financial performance. In Mauritius Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has gained much popularity and has become a subject of concern, after that the government has introduced an innovative legislation about CSR. Previous research on the topic is reviewed, the engagement of Firm in CSR. This study by means of questionnaires, also tries to investigate their motivations behind investing in CSR. Data collected was then analyzed using SPSS. The results highlighted that there are no differences between banks and hotels in the motives to engage in CSR activities. The results also highlighted that there is a relationship between CSR and Financial performance. Also the implications of other findings are discussed and the study conclud es with its limitations and directions for future research. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) Mauritius since Post- colonial independence, the country over the last four decades have seen the mono-crop sugar island, our first pillar of the economy has significantly moved from the Sugar industry to Financial services industry on large scale offshore financial institutions from multinational companies to local industries, such as the Giant of Rogers Group, Air Mauritius, Island Blyth, Floreal Textile, Mauritius Commercial Bank (MCB), Barclays Bank, HSBC and others. The field of Corporate Social Responsibility has developed exponentially in the last decades. In the past two decades, CSR appears to have become more omnipresent and perceived as being actually pertinent to companies all over the world (Aras and Crowther, 2008). It is at the forefront of strategic outlook of contemporary organisations of all kinds. A larger number of companies than at any time before are engaged in a serious efforts to define and incorporate CSR into all facets of their businesses. In recent years a great deal of time and attention has been devoted to the concept of corporate social responsibility. This basis has considered it necessary to take notice not only of the economic and financial transactions in a company, but also the social and environmental consequences a business places on its shareholders and society as well as the ecological footprint in all aspects of their operations, which extends beyond their statutory obligation to comply with legislation. CSR has variously been described as a motherhood issue (Ryan 2002, p. 302) the hot business issue of the noughties (Blyth 2005, p. 30) and the talk of the town in corporate circles these days (Mees Bonham 2004). In fact, the last few decades have seen a rise in awareness on behalf of corporate bodies, on the issue that they have a moral duty to give something back to the society. This rise in awareness is plausibly the effect of the recent corporate scandals involving well reputed companies, such as Enron, Parmalat and WorldCom as well as the growing impact of climate change on the environment. One of the fundamental questions still to be answered concerns the effect of corporate socially responsible behavior on profitability. The answers one finds in the specialized literature are numerous and often contradictory. Views emerging from Corporate Social Responsibility can contribute to the financial performance of a company. This approach, has been described as enlightened shareholder approach, believes that corporate decision makers must consider a range of social and environmental matters if they are to maximize long term financial returns. Even if they sometimes can be, CSR initiatives are certainly not always compatible with other organizational strategic goals (namely growth and money-making).(McWilliams, Siegel, Wright, 2006). Even though the link between CSR and corporate performance remains tenuous (Lindgreen, Swaen, Johnston, 2009), companies are following to CSR principles and practices and incorporating CSR principles and aims into their overall corporate strategy in exponential numbers (Godfrey Hatch, 2007; Lee, 2008; C. Smith, 2003). Similarly, as those major scandals have undeniably raised the view of greediness among senior managers, CSR is also seen as a tool for counteracting allegation of corporate greed (Deloitte report, 2008). Each company integrates Corporate Social Responsibility differently. The differences depend on factors such as companys size, the specific industry involved, the firms culture, stakeholder demands, and how progressive the company is in engaging CSR. Some companies concentrate on areas which they consider more important for them, for example human rights or environment while others incorporate CSR in all aspects fields of their operations. CSR IN MAURITIUS CSR initiatives go quite a long way in corporate Mauritius up to 20 years back. According to a report by Deloitte et al. (2008), it was found that the contribution in CSR has ongoing at varying period for the companies surveyed. Many enterprises are involved in CSR initiatives for the welfare of their employees and the society. Due to Government limited means to handle todays social problem, an appeal was made to the private sector in July 2009 to spend 2% of their profits to CSR activities. Government suggested that all gains from various companies regardless of their size should invest part of their profit into non profitable organization such as charity, scientific research and wild life to restore and preserve nature in order to maintain a good balance in the ecological system which means to give back to nature. Moreover, the government has set up a national CSR committee comprising of representative members from the public sector, private sector and the civil society. Additional ly, the companies need the approval of the CSR committee before the application or investment in any CSR activity. In the occurrence that a company has not spent the total amount of the compulsory two per cent of its profit, it should remit the remaining amount to the MRA. PROBLEM STATEMENT CSR is nowadays gaining more and more importance especially after the major corporate scandals and due to changes in norms held by the general public. Such changes have given rise of the interest in the field of CSR. However, most studies have concentrated mostly on the consequences or end results of engaging in CSR activities. Furthermore many researchers have worked to find any empirical relationship between CSR and financial performance. Various Studies have identified different kinds of relationship (positive, negative, no relationship), but currently there is no clear empirical relationship. CSR is problematic as it is often perceived that there is a contrast between CSR activity and  ¬Ã‚ nancial performance with one being harmful to the other and companies having an authoritative to follow shareholder value. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The main goal of the study is to scrutinize the current practice of CSR and what are the motivations that lead firms to engage in CSR activities. The study also aims at evaluating the relationship between turnover and level of CSR activities undertaken. This is an issue which has been the subject of an ongoing debate and has become a topic of concern, in the Mauritian context, especially after that the local government revised legislation making investment in CSR activities compulsory. Objectives of the study: Objective 1: To investigate the current practice of CSR conducted by banks and hotels. Objective 2: To investigate what factors motivate firms to increase their involvement in CSR Objective 3: To investigate how these firms benefited from conducting CSR Objective 4: To investigate the differences between firms in different sector of operation in the reasons to engage in CSR activities. Objective 5: To investigate whether there is a relationship between level of CSR activities undertaken and Financial performance. OUTLINE OF THE STUDY Chapter One: Introduction This chapter consists of general overview of CSR. It provides a brief overview of the growing importance of CSR in a general as well as in the context of Mauritius. It consists the problem statement along with the aims and objectives. Chapter Two: Literature Review This chapter consists of reviewing the existing literature by examining diverse articles pertaining to the subject matter. The literature review helps to have a better understanding of what different researchers found on CSR. Chapter Three: Research Methodology This particular chapter describes who are the target population for this survey, what is the sample size, what are the procedures and techniques used for data collection, the methods used to analyze the data to get results and limitation of the study. Chapter Four: Results and Discussions This chapter shows how the collected data is analyzed by carrying out various tests. Chapter Five: Conclusions and Recommendation In this chapter, conclusions are derived from the study and some recommendations are mentioned forward. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBLE A DEFINITION Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a fast-growing facets of organizations. The European Commission defines CSR as a concept whereby companies decide voluntarily to contribute to a better society and a cleaner environment. (Simms 2002). Adams and Zutshi (2004) define it as the integration of business operations and values whereby the interest of all stakeholders including customers, employees, investors and the environment are reflected in an organisations actions and policies. In present concept of CSR states that the business enterprises is in their usual process of business decision making should pay due attention to the social interests of the people in the community. A company is not only an economic entity but a social and political entity also. Most of the decisions taken by businesses not only affect the stockholders but also the stakeholders namely, creditors, debtors, employees and the society at large in one way or the other. ( Kapoor and Sandhu, 2010). CSR is nowadays gaining more and more importance especially after the major events such as the collapse of Enron and the James Hardieasbestos scandal in Australia and due to changes in norms held by the general public. The argument about the place of CSR in the global economy continues with Solomons opinion that multinational corporations should take responsibility for the improvement of world-wide social and environmental conditions. (Scherer and Smid in Windsor 2001, p. 245). CSR is also looked upon as an umbrella term, including many other business concepts and social practices. Synonymous with some and overlapping a few others, CSR indicates the concept of common relations between businesses and society the world over. Businesses, however small or large, are governed by their place in society and have to take into account the responsibility they bear to the society, people and environment within which they operate. Economist Theodore Levitt criticizes in the Harvard Business Review that is no longer fashionable for the corporation to take gleeful pride in making money. What fashionable for the corporation to show that it exists to serve the public (Time, 2008). It is now being more and more realized world over that a firm cannot afford to function and continue in the long run unless it performs in a legitimate and socially responsible way. Moreover, many recent definitions draw attention to the financial benefits gained through CSR. For example, Vaaland et al (2008, p. 931) explain CSR as management of stakeholder concern for responsible and irresponsible acts related to environmental, ethical and social phenomena in a way that creates corporate benefit. While Mittal et al (2008, p. 1437) define the concept as a business approach that views respect for ethics, people, communities and the environment as an integral strategy that improves the competitive position of a firm. Hence, it is important to understand the point that, whether corporations appreciate it or not, herein lies the idea of CSR. The matter is not that of profit earning alone for a corporation, but that of looking beyond the profit-making attitude. This awareness has made corporations identify the need of CSR and its application along with their particular businesses (Gupta and Saxena, 2006). Economics drivers of CSR Researchers have identified different method in which CSR approach to business decision making may lead to better financial performance. The following economic drivers have been viewed by the World Economic Forum and Business in the Community that have explained the adoption of the concept corporate social responsibility by companies around the world (ADL 2003). It is advocated that these drivers do not operate in isolation, and that different companies may have different drivers. Several drivers may also be stronger in different areas and for different companies. An alteration to adopt corporate social responsibility may arise from a combination economics of drivers. Employee recruitment, motivation and retention Recent studies show that corporate social responsibility is more and more an important factor in attracting and retaining a brilliant and diverse workforce (Globescan Inc 2005). Companies that cater for the interests of their employees by offering good working conditions will attain better performance in terms of quality and delivery, and, thus, experience higher levels of productivity. Learning and innovation Learning and innovation are serious to the long-term survival of any business. Corporate social responsibility can be a vehicle for business to respond to environmental and social risks and turn these into business prospects. Reputation management Businesses function in a market of opinion. Depending on the judgment by customers, suppliers and the broader community on companies will have an impact on their profitability and achievement. Corporate social responsibility offers a means by which companies can manage and influence the attitudes and opinions of their stakeholders, building their trust and enabling the benefits of positive relationships to deliver business advantage. Risk profile and risk management Corporate social responsibility offers more effective management of risk, helping companies to reduce unnecessary losses, identify new emerging issues and use positions of headship as a means to gain competitive advantage. Investor relations and access to capital The investment community is increasingly viewing corporate social responsibility as similar to long-term risk management and good governance practices. Recent studies show that analysts place as much emphasis on corporate reputation as they do on financial performance (Hill Knowltown 2006). Licence to operate A Global Outlook Companies that fail to accomplish their duties to society as a whole risk losing their licence to operate a concept whereby a companys stakeholders grant the company an unwritten authority to do business. This may be supported by favoring competitors, refuses or calls for deregistration. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIEVS OF CSR IN PRACTICE CSR activities and practice used are not intended to be exactly the same in different companies. Companies have diverse resources and all cannot take responsibility to the same extent. According to Lantos (2001), organizations may practice three different forms of CSR namely: Ethical CSR It means going beyond the firms economic and legal obligations and take actions that is morally mandatory. A corporation is morally responsible towards any individual or group that might be harmed or injured by a particular course of action. For example; reduce shareholders profits and used the money to decrease pollution. Ethical CSR may in the long-run generate goodwill by building the publics trust in the company. This will probably minimize the cost of fines and also bad publication that otherwise may prevail from unethical behaviour. Strategic CSR It is an activity where there is a win-win situation. Both the company and some of the stakeholder will benefit. This type of CSR actions implies short-run sacrifices which will usually result in long-run gains. For example, Ford campaigned that children should be seated in booster-seats and gave away millions of such seats. This generated goodwill among customers and government regulators. They believe that the investment will be profitable in the end. Altruistic CSR. It is when organizations are contributing to the common good and making the Society a better place on some sort of expense of the firm, involving corporate competences of the company to societal and community needs. Altruistic CSR goes beyond ethics and are actions that are not necessary for the company to take. The company does not expect any financial gain from it. Examples of altruistic CSR are activities that aid the society to fight drug and alcohol problems, poverty, crimes and chronic unemployment. The three approaches are mutually exclusive and based on the activities nature (required or optional) and the purpose (stakeholders good, firms good), or both. Today businesses are facing high competition which many firms want to perceive as best quality or valuable in customer perception. Moreover, the number of multinational companies has been increasing each year and it demanded a higher responsibility for social, environmental and economic. As the result, the influence of Sustainable Development is growing and accepted from all people. Moreover, due to the environmental issue, many researchers are concerned about environment that many natural resources can be run out if we do not use it wisely. CSR emphasizes the concern of corporate action and accomplishment in the social sphere with a performance perspective, it is clear that firms must formulate and implement social goals and programs as well as integrate ethic sensitivity into decision making, policies, and actions(Carrol,1991). As in the present time, CSR turns peoples attention to be the perception of the corporate engagement, in terms of how well corporate is able to engage with stakeholders. Current practice of CSR worldwide In practice much of the business activity that has been labeled as CSR has been determined by the concerns of investors, companies and consumers based in the worlds richest countries. National CSR agenda in middle and low income countries have been less viewed internationally. For the past five years or so, governments, companies and NGOs in many middle and low income countries have implemented CSR program from developed countries through greater direct engagement. CSR activities have developed in countries such as China, India, South Africa, the Philippines, Brazil and others. Governments in middle income countries have pressed companies to engage in summiting these tasks, as with Black Economic Empowerment in South Africa encouragement of business efforts to reduce poverty in the Philippines. CSR has also potential link with government strategies aiming at ensuring better access of certain categories of citizens to the economy. One example of such strategy is the Citizen Economic empowerment in Zambia, which aims in particular at increasing local participation in economic activities. With detail to developing countries, one major CSR concern is that government will ignore corporate irresponsibility or refuse to enforce protective efforts or environmental criteria in the law as an incentive to foreign investment (Aman, 2001). China for instance, has heavy-duty to collective negotiations, by law, and yet many people in jail for trying to use those rights (Diamond, 2003). Yet some developing country governments are transmitting laws requiring higher standards of responsible environmental or social ways in order to compete for foreign capital and institutional investment, in addition to competing on the more familiar rule of law issues of contract and property law rights, financial transparency and reduced government corruption (Hebb and Wojcik, 2004). Comparing these legal improvements in different emerging countries would be further helpful in understanding the contribution of CSR. Chapple and Moon (2005), have found that CSR in Asia is unrelated to preexisting levels of economic development but is related to the extent to which domestic companies engage in international trade, even where that trade is with other Asian nations. THE CURRENT PRACTICE OF CSR BY BANKS AND HOTELS IN MAURITIUS Mauritius is the first country in the world to require businesses to donate a portion of their profits to NGOs or government projects in the name of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).  Apparently recognising the poor level of corporate citizenship in Mauritius, in 2009, the Ministry of Finance introduced the CSR Fund. A company using a Corporate Partner to implement its CSR programme will be allowed to spend only an amount not exceeding 25% of the CSR Fund. A company implementing CSR programme is eligible to administrative costs not exceeding 15% of the CSR value. The company is provided a 12 months period from the end of its financial year to fund project from its CSR fund. If it has not given the 2% CSR fund then they will have to submit it to the MRA. The corporate programme form and Declaration by Applicant is presented below in Appendix D. Banks in Mauritius especially the leading one such as Mauritius Commercial Bank (MCB), State Bank of Mauritius (SBM), HSBC, Barclays and such that, invest huge amount of money in CSR. Not only Banks but also in the Hotel sector invest in CSR. The role plays by some Banks and Hotels in CSR are briefly described below; Mauritius Commercial Bank (MCB) J.Francois (2012), of the MCB Forward Foundation, in the Mauritius lexpress Journal talk about A CSR Budget of Rs 45 millions. The creation of the MCB foundation in 2010 was a step in the development of CSR activities of the group. Since its creation, MCB has always affirmed as a bank with a heart. The foundation gather dedicated professionals concentrated only on CSR and handle projects in medium and long terms. Moreover in 2007-2008, Rs23 millions have dedicated to CSR. In 2008-2009, it has been increased up to Rs30 millions. According to J. Francois (2012) the CSR budget varies with their profits. For the Financial year of 2009-2010, they predicted about Rs45 millions. They invest the money of CSR mainly in Eradication of Poverty, Vulnerable Children, Education, and Environment. The value proposition of the Foundation is described below. MCB Forward Foundation Why the Foundation To help meet the social and environment challenges of the country Mission To develop and support sustainable initiatives for the benefit of the community in which we live and work Vision To be instrumental in the creation of sustainable value for the social, environmental and economic well-being of the community HSBC Mauritius HSBC Mauritius has continued to invest in education, poverty alleviation and environmental sustainability. In the year ending December 2011, the HSBC group in Mauritius has spent 6 million Rupees on community investment. In addition to sustaining communities, HSBC has been continuously involved in environmental sustainability. It also has a long partnership with The Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, engaged in preventing rare species. Sun Resort (including La pirogue, le Tousserouk, Long beach hotel and such that) Sun Resort Company has commitment towards corporate social responsibility programmes at both local and national level has proved to be a very influential tool for the advancement of local communities and unprivileged circles of the population. In 2010, the Sun Resorts Cancer Trust helped a number of children and their families in their fight against cancer. The company also has opened a four-bed Cancer Unit at Victoria Hospital in May 2009. Corporate Social Responsibility donations made by Sun Resort Ltd during the year 2010 amounted to Rs3.9 million. Apart from Hotels and Banks, there are other private companies such as Terra, Ireland Blyth Limited (IBL), Omnicane and such that, they invest much in CSR projects. For instance, the IBL Foundation has financed 80 projects costing Rs17, 9 million. Rs6, 7 million for the socio economic development, Rs6,4 million for education and Rs1,2 million for sports. Moreover, there is the Omnicane Foundation which have spent Rs11, 1 million for vulnerable children, Health care, Education, Eradication of Poverty and on environment. MOTIVATIONS FOR FIRMS TO ENGAGE IN CSR ACTIVITIES THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES The motivations for firms to engage themselves in CSR activities can thus be broadly viewed from two main perspectives which are strategic perspective and the moral perspective. Strategic motive linked with Agency theory Agency theory put emphasis on the point that managers are recruited in order to work for the company that employs them, thus their major duty is to maximize the value of the firm and therefore the wealth of those who possess the company. Moreover, from an agency theory perspective, engagement in CSR activities is often viewed as a misused of companys resources which could instead be used invest in projects where profits are maximized. Nevertheless, managers will invest in CSR activities only if such investment will help them to improve the reputation of the firm or simply help them to increase shareholders wealth (Jones, 1995). However an agency problem may occur because of concern that the agent (e.g, the internal or external recipients of funds) will not follow the interests of the principal (e.g., the donor) who wishes to pursue CSR activities (Husted Allen, 2007). Very often, managers are motivated by their self- interest and therefore cannot be relied on to work in the best int erest of shareholders. Strategic motive linked with the Resource-Based View Theory The Resource- Based View (RBV) theory regards CSR as a resource that firm must know how to exploit in order to gain competitive advantages over its competitors. According to Branco and Rodrigues (2006) the firm in this model, is viewed as a unique bundle of resources and capabilities that is developed overtime as the firm interacts with all its stakeholders. This theory assumes that firms are a set of various resources and competences that are not exchangeable among firms. THE MORAL MOTIVE LINKED TO THE NORMATIVE STAKEHOLDER THEORY The moral motive is also linked to the normative stakeholder theory, which is commonly known as intrinsic stakeholder commitment. Success of an organization, according to the stakeholder theory, depends on the ability of the firm to handle and manage its relationships with a number of constituents, such as financers, shareholders, customers, employees, suppliers and then community at large (Donaldson and Preston, 1995). According to Freeman (1984), managers also bear a fiduciary relationship to stakeholders instead of having solely fiduciary duties towards owners of the firm. Similarly, Donaldson and Preston (1995) defined stakeholders as persons or groups with legitimate interests in procedural and or substantive aspects of corporate activity. Thus, CSR is viewed as a means of fulfilling the duties that the company has towards its stakeholders, and therefore it is crucial that the firm engage itself in CSR activities that are significant to the stakeholders. However, the more influential stakeholders are, the more the company has to adjust itself to their demands and this has given rise to questions whether firms engage themselves in CSR activities because they really want to assume their social and moral responsibilities or this is done only to get strategic advantages such as to prevent any stakeholder from withdrawing their support to the firm. Meijer, Bakle, Smith Schuyt (2006) argued that despite the fact it is rational to presume that companies want to do good for the society, it is also true that managers of those companies realize that this will benefit their organizations as well. Thus, put in simpler terms even though reporting pure unselfish intentions, firms engage themselves in CSR from strategic perspectives. On the other hand, Graafland and Van de Ven (2006) exposed through their study that despite some firms strongly believed that engaging in CSR activities might lead to improvement in profitability, enhancement of reputation and more employee commitment, they were also much concerned with making the world a better place to live. BENEFITS OF ENGAGEMENT IN CSR ACTIVITIES This section will try to examine what are those advantages firms get by investing in social activities which, as many academics found, ultimately leads to improvement in the firms financial performance. According to Galbreath (2009), there are only three main benefits a firm can derive from investing in CSR activities and they are namely: increased customer satisfaction; reduced employee turnover and improved reputation; and. It is these benefits that will consequently lead to improvements in the financial performance of the company. Increased customer satisfaction Customers are one of the most important stakeholders of a firm and by meeting justice needs of customers, CSR is likely to increase customer satisfaction (Galbreath, 2009). Hence, customer satisfaction may lead to brand loyalty and consequently improve and increase future sales of the firm. Reduced employee turnover Employee turnover is of the essence since the loss of human capital in companies can have dramatic effects on competitive advantage of a company (Barney, 1991; Huselid, 1995). A key potential gain from CSR initiatives involves establishing the situation that can contribute to increasing the dedication and incentive of employees to become more innovative and dynamic. Galbreath (2009) found that, owing to demonstrated justice, socially responsive activities appear to be a means to reduce employee turnover. Turban and Greening (1997) found that demonstrating CSR is essential for attracting potential employees. In their study on French firms, Maignan and Ferrell (2001) found that CSR is positively linked with employee commitment. Companies employing CSR related perspectives and tools tend to be businesses that provide the prerequisite for increased loyalty and commitment form their staffs. Such conditions can facilitate recruitment of employees, retaining and motivating them to develop skills, reduce absenteeism, and may also translate into marginally less demands for higher wages (Deloitte Report, 2008). According to Galbreath (2009), firms that are unjust, that does not exhibit comportments that match with employees moral or ethical frameworks are prone to obtain negative results that affect profitability. Therefore, reducing employee turnover is crucial so that a firm can improve its performance. Improved reputation Moreo