Should Poor Or Homeless Individuals Be Required Pay For...

Studies from various cities in the United States have revealed that there is an overall inadequacy of healthcare for low income, homeless, and uninsured individuals (Hwang et al., 2010). For many years the government has recognized the lack of care and have been struggling to enact a healthcare reform. Finally, in March 2010 the Affordable Care act was written into law (Hammer et al., 2010). There have been many debates on the pros and cons and how effective this act will be at achieving the goal. These debates raise the question, should poor or homeless individuals be required to pay for healthcare insurance? Experiencing poverty or homelessness presents unique barriers to all aspects of life, one being healthcare. Many of these individuals have heightened exposure to communicable diseases and parasites on a daily basis (Zlotnick et al., 2013). Healthcare needs within the population range from diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obstructive lung disease, HIV, cancer, liver or kidney disease, and chronic pain (Baggett et al., 2010). Another common occurrence within the population is substance abuse, mental illness, vision impairments, dental concerns and an increased mortality rate (Hwang et al., 2010). There are various reasons for why homeless or poor individuals have unmet health needs. It is likely that one may be unemployed or have a low income employer who does not offer health insurance benefits. Many individuals who have experiencedShow MoreRelatedThe Affordable Care Act Of The United States1616 Words   |  7 Pagesincome, homeless, and uninsured individuals (Hwang et al., 2010). The government has recognized the lack of healthcare for these individuals. For many years, politicians have been struggling to enact a healthcare reform. Finally, in March 2010 the Affordable Care act was written into law (Hammer, Phillips, Schmidt, 2010). There have been many debates on the pros and cons and how effective this act will be at achieving the goal. These debates raise the question, should poor or homeless individualsRead MoreHealth Care Problems Of The United States3564 Words   |  15 Pagesfor health care insurance. Health care has become the stress to every person’s life . Health care controls everything a person does due to the draw backsdrawbacks of not having it when it is necessary, like breaking an arm or coming down with a deathly illness. You have to introduce your quotations â€Å"Health care reform will be on the agenda for future sessions of Congress, because the economic pressures of rising health care costs on the federal government, business, and individuals are not going toRead MoreHealth Care Reform For The United States3412 Words   |  14 Pageshealth care insurance. Health care has become the stress to every person’s life. Health care controls everything a person does due to the drawbacks of not having it when it is necessary; like breaking an arm or coming down with a deathly illness. With these issues, it is said that reforms are on their way. â€Å"Health care reform will be on the agenda for future sessions of Congress, because the economic pressures of rising health care costs on the federal government, business, and individuals are not goingRead MoreHealth Insurance Should Be Free1996 Words   |  8 Pagesto the doctors. What if they break a bone? Does your healthcare cover all of the medical bills? Most likely not. In America you must have a lot of money or a well-paying job to afford health insurance. If you’re poor you can get healthcare for free but only for a limited time. We shouldn’t have to be poor just for decent health coverage. We have a new law in America were everybody is required to have some sort of health coverage, or they must pay a huge tax fine. Does that seem fair? All it would takeRead MoreThe American Dream Has Influenced People All Over The World Essay2012 Words   |  9 Pagesbecause it has changed its meaning throughout the years. Many people have their own views of this saying, but the dictionary definition it means â€Å"the notion that the American social, economic, and political system makes success possible for every individual† (dictionary. com). The American Dream has influenced people all over the world and even its own citizens to believe that prosperity is accessible in the United States. Although, this dream misinformed individual’s about the struggles and long-termRead MoreUniversal Coverage Health5662 Words   |  23 PagesUniversal healthcare coverage in Indonesia One year on January 2015 Written and produced by www.eiu.com/healthcare an Economist Intelligence Unit business healthcare Universal healthcare coverage in Indonesia— One year on Contents Abbreviations 5 Introduction 6 Indonesia’s version of Universal Healthcare: What is the JKN? What about the KIS? 8 Challenges with Indonesia’s version of Universal Healthcare 12 Teething problems—A short-term affair? 12 Read MoreDevelopment Of Social Welfare From A Historical Perspective Essay2383 Words   |  10 Pagesissue, the Poor Law passed earlier in the Tudor period put responsibility on local parishes to pay tax to help the poor. However, over the years the financial strain on parishes became too much and in 1834 The Poor Amendment Act was passed. This was to help reduce the cost of looking after the poor and it was to stop the payment of tax unless you had special circumstances. If the poor wanted help they had to go in to workhouses and work, in exchange for clothes, food, free healthcare and a few hoursRead MoreUnderlying Risks for Cardiovascular Disease Essay1653 Words   |  7 Pagescardiovascular disease, which may appear in the form of hereditary, behavioral, and psychological, all of which ultimately converge in social or cultural factors. The hereditary risk factors for cardiovascular disease are primarily those of which individuals are unable to control, the ones for which they are born with. These risk factors would include an individual’s sex, race, age, and genetics. One out of every five males has some form of cardiovascular disease and the same applies for females.Read MorePoverty Is A Problem That The World Faces On The Regular Basis Essay1901 Words   |  8 Pagesenough is getting done about it. There are individuals who have the need to help the poor, however nobody knows precisely how to help them. Those who are against poverty concur that something should be done, yet they do not know how to approach the situation in how to get it done. A primary reason for people not taking action is because of lack of information that is provided about issues on poverty. There is no restricted measure of data about poverty. Individuals just need to know where to go to obtainRead MoreJob Training : What Policy Co uld Help This Mom Apply, Receive And / Or Keep A Job?2528 Words   |  11 Pagescore concern in society today. It is imperative individuals find stable jobs in order to survive, and some programs offer assistance for those who need jobs. We have numerous services and resources advertised through the media, like CalJobs and goodwill organization, but these organizations do not always provide the support families living in poverty need. Unfortunately, with the growing gap between the population of the wealthy and the population of poor, it creates an increasing demand for government

The Death Of King Hamlet - 960 Words

The death of King Hamlet effected many individuals lives to the point where great changes were made. Especially in regards to his son, Hamlet, who took the death – murder- of his father personally in both mental and emotional ways. By doing so, Hamlet portrays and experiences the death and loss of his father by acting out in manners in which magnify his isolation and alienated actions. These would include excluding and distancing himself, turning on those closest, and taking on measures one would never do so when thinking rationally or clearly. Hamlet attended the University of Wittenberg, which implies his great intelligence amongst all his other peers, as well as his age as he is entering manhood when this conspiracy occurs. Hamlet is supposed to be, in the eyes of the country of Denmark, becoming a man and learning about the responsibilities and tasks in which need to be performed in order to take care of and rule of not only the state but also the people. However, instead of doing so, Hamlet becomes engaged in his fathers murder, in which turns his attention to seeking revenge on his uncle, the man who committed the crime. One with such high education and connections well throughout the state would assume to have thought of a greater plan of revenge rather than death. As with power also comes strength, Hamlet did not have to go to such lengths of madness, and isolation in order to achieve such end of means. Hamlet also deals with the death of this father byShow MoreRelated Comparing the Tragedies of Hamlet, Oedipus the King, and Death of a Salesman1023 Words   |  5 PagesComparing the Tragedies of Hamlet, Oedipus the King, and Death of a Salesman The tragedies Hamlet, Oedipus the King, and Death of a Salesman have strikingly different plots and characters; however, each play shares common elements in its resolution. The events in the plays’ closings derive from a tragic flaw possessed by the protagonist in each play. The downfall of each protagonist is caused by his inability to effectively cope with his tragic flaw. The various similarities in the closingRead MoreAn Analysis of Queen Gertrudes Position in King Hamlets Death in William Shakespeares Hamlet1056 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of Queen Gertrudes Position in King Hamlets Death in William Shakespeares Hamlet Usually in a playwright, one of the authors objectives is to keep the viewer or reader confused or disconcerted about certain events in the plot. Certain characters in a play or story that have concocted covert schemes to perhaps murder or frame somebody, may have confusing effects on the viewer. Depending on the way the plan was developed in the plot the viewer may have to stop and ask themselves;Read More Death in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay950 Words   |  4 Pagesslaughters, of deaths put on by cunning and forced cause,† (Hamlet, Act V, Scene 2, Lines 381-384). So says Horatio, best friend of Prince Hamlet in the final few lines of the play. He speaks these words after the deaths of Hamlet, Claudius, King of Denmark, Gertrude, Queen of Denmark, and Laertes, son of Polonius. Also dead are Hamlet, King of Denmark, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, former friends of Hamlet, Polonius, councilor to the King, and Ophelia, daughter of Polonius. Death is an extremelyRe ad MoreThe Tragedy Of Prince Hamlet1611 Words   |  7 PagesERWC Mr. Howes The Tragedy of Prince Hamlet King Hamlet’s death left a mark on everyone in the castle, after a while that all began to change when Claudius married Hamlet’s mother. Hamlet felt that everybody should be mourning his father’s death, and he felt betrayed by the sudden marriage. Hamlet becomes mad once he sees his father as a ghost and seeks to avenge his father’s death, not knowing that this would lead to his death. The grief of King Hamlet’s death and the reactions of his loved onesRead MoreKing Hamlet By William Shakespeare1641 Words   |  7 Pagesaudience and his readers the freedom to interpret the deeper meaning of his work. Of the many themes in the play â€Å"Hamlet†, the concept of memory is the most influential, specifically, the memory of King Hamlet represented by the ghost. The memory of King Hamlet created an aura of mystery within the play, leaving much of it open to interpretation. Moreover, the memory of the late King Hamlet was the driving force of the p lot, initiating many of the important events that occurred within it. Lastly, itRead MoreHero Hamlet And His Jumbling Journey1527 Words   |  7 Pages26 February 2015 Hero Hamlet and his Jumbling Journey In the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, Prince Hamlet takes on the typical Archetypal hero s journey but throughout its course he causes the death of multiple characters. Hamlet receives supernatural aid from his deceased father, answers but chooses to delay his call to action, suffers in the belly of the whale, and leaves behind a legacy of truth and justice to restore peace to the kingdom of Denmark. Prince Hamlet arrives home from collegeRead MoreThe Compare and Contrast of Disneys Lion King and Shakespeares Hamlet1022 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet is without question the most famous play in the English language. Hamlet is a play about a characters struggles with the opposing forces of moral integrity and the need to avenge his fathers murder. Disneys The Lion King is an award winning film about a young lion cub named Simba, and his struggles against himself and reality. The movie, The Lion King, and the book, Hamlet, both have a similar story line. Shakesp eares Hamlet and Disneys The Lion King have similar occurrencesRead More Revenge in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesRevenge in Shakespeares Hamlet In Hamlet, Shakespeare uses revenge as a major theme present throughout the work. Revenge plays a crucial role in the development of Fortinbras, Prince of Norway, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, and Laertes, son of Polonius. All three men seek revenge for the murder of their fathers. Revenge can be interpreted as a separate character in Hamlet. Revenge is set to overcome anyone who seeks it. Initially, after each of the murders, every son had a definite course of actionRead MoreShakespeare’s Hamlet Essays1009 Words   |  5 Pages In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Laertes and Hamlet both lose a father by unnatural and sudden death. The unnatural death of the father is brought on by someone close to the son. When Laertes discovers that his father is dead, he is outraged. When Hamlet learns from the ghost of his father’s murder, he weeps, and promises action, though he delivers none. Both Laertes and Hamlet grieve deeply for their fathers, but Laertes acts upon this grief while Hamlet carefully plots his revenge and waits for the perfectRead MoreHamlet By William Shakespeare s Hamlet844 Words   |  4 Pagesschemes in â€Å"Hamlet†, for example, Prince Hamlet to King Claudius and King Claudius against Prince Hamlet; these two schemes also contain the same similarities with one another. The first scheme in â€Å"Hamlet† is Prince Hamlet to King Claudius to revenge his father and to find out if Claudius is guilty to prove that Hamlet uses a play to testify his theory. The ghost of late King Hamlet came to Hamlet to inform him that Claudius had murdered him and demands Hamlet to execute him. Now Hamlet is planning

University Admission Process in Chile free essay sample

Learning implies having had access to it, counting with quality books and teachers and being in an enviroment where culture is important. Therefore, what PSU does is to prevent poor students -who have abilities but did not have acces to knowledge-, from developping a professional course of high standards. In addition, PSU does not accomplish its main task, which is selecting the more qualified students to go to traditional universities. Because it does not messures abilities, nor skills. Just training. The ones who are good at memorizing and trained themselves correctly can have a high score. There are schools (normally private schools) that dedicate exclusive time to prepare their students for this exam, leaving behind other important subjects. This situation leads us to a third negative characteristic of our university admission process. In Chile exists the business of something similar to pre-colleges. Here, the ones who can afford these classes are taught the mechanism of PSU. We will write a custom essay sample on University Admission Process in Chile or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And in concequence, they are the more prepared to take the exam than the ones who were not able to pay for extra lessons. ALTERNATIVE ADMISSION PROCESSES. One of the main achievements of last year’s strike in our university was the posibility of having an alternative admission process, apart from PSU. Senior year students from schools with low budget can be matriculated at University of Concepcion with only de minimum PSU score this university requires (475 or 500) and having had at least a 5 in their high school grades average. There is a quota of 56 students in 49 courses. Medicine, Law, Astronomy, Sociology, Psicology, History Teaching, among others. Another admission process in Chile is the pre-college system. It is found in several universities in the country. (de Santiago, Cardenal Silva Henriquez, Alberto Hurtado, Tecnologica Metropolitana, Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educacion y Catolica del Norte) In University of Santiago, this programme started in 2007 with the support of UNESCO (united nacions. Educational, scientific and cultural organization). This system allowes students with the best grade averages of low budget schools, be matriculated at this university. No PSU score required. After selecting the students, they take classes of Spanish, Maths and Cultural Management for five months. If the sudents attend all lessons, they get matriculated in college at the University of Santiago with a full scholarship. And afterwards, they are able to study a professional course at this university. CONCLUSION As we said before, our current university admission process helps to increase our social differences and discriminates students from low economic stratums. Thus, we realised the solutions we suggest will be useless unless there is a deep structural change in our educational system, and if we look further, a change in our society. However, we hope these alternatives get massively increased in the near future. This way, the university access will be improved for the ones who really want to study regardless of their economic condition. So what we -common citizens students and teachers- must do, is get informed and communicate others about the problems that bother us. And take advantage of oportunities like last years strike to accomplish our aims and demands.

Music Appreciation Final Essay Example

Music Appreciation Final Paper Romanticism, as a stylistic period in western music, encompassed the years 1820-1900 Drawing creative inspiration from cultures of lands foreign to the composer is known as exoticism Program music is instrumental music associated with a story, poem, idea, or scene Which of the following statements is NOT true Fascination with the melodies, rhythms, and colorful materials from distant lands is a romantic trend known as musical nationalism The deliberate intent to draw creative inspiration from the composers own homeland is known as nationalism An orchestra toward the end of the romantic period might include close to ______ musicians 100 The 1844 Treatise on Modern Instrumentation and Orchestration that signaled the recognition of orchestration as an art in itself was written by Hector Berlioz A slight holding back or pressing forward of tempo in music is known as rubato Altering the character of a melody by changes in dynamics, orchestration, or rhythm is a romantic technique known as thematic transformation Because of the French Revolution and the __________, many aristocrats could no longer afford to maintain private opera houses, orchestras, and composers in residence Napoleonic Wars The composer whose career was a model for many romantic composers was Ludwig van Beethoven A romantic composer who made his living as a touring virtuoso was Franz Liszt The rise of the urban middle class led to th piano becoming a fixture in every middle-class home formation of many orchestras and opera groups development of regular subscription concerts When music conservatories were founded, women were at first accepted only as students of performance, but by the late 1800s could study musical composition A very important musical part of every middle-class home during the romantic period was the piano Music criticism was a source of income for both Hector Berlioz and Robert Schumann An art song is a musical composition for solo voice and piano The word ________ is commonly used for a romantic art song with a German text. lied The German composers of art songs favored, among others, the lyric poetry of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Heinrich Heine The mood of an art song is often set by a brief piano introduction and summed up at the end by a piano section called a postlude When the same music is repeated for two or more stanzas of a poem, leading to new music for other stanzas, the form is known as modified strophic Instrumental music associated with a story, poem, idea, or scene, popular during the romantic period is called program music Non program music is also known as _________ music. absolute A _________ is an instrumental composition in several movements based to some extent on a literary or pictorial idea program symphony A __________ is a one-movement orchestral composition based to some extent on a literary or pictorial idea. symphonic poem Todays movie scores may be regarded as examples of incidental music The citizens sense of national identity and patriotic feelings were intensified by romanticism, which glorified love for ones national heritage common bonds of language, culture, and history military resistance to Napoleon The strongest impact of musical nationalism was felt in Russia. the Scandinavian countries. Poland and Bohemia. Who laid the groundwork for a nationalistic style in Russian music? Mikhail Glinka In music, the early twentieth century was a time of revolt and change The most famous riot in music history occurred in Paris in 1913 at the first performance of Igor Stravinskys The Rite of Spring Composers in the twentieth century drew inspiration from folk and popular music from all cultures. the music of Asia and Africa. European art music from the Middle Ages through the nineteenth century In twentieth-century music string players are sometimes called upon to use the wood instead of the hair on their bows. percussion instruments have become very prominent and numerous. dissonance has been emancipated. Among the unusual playing techniques that are widely used in the twentieth century is the _______, a rapid slide up or down the scale. glissando A piano is often used in twentieth-century orchestral music to add a percussive edge. Which of the following is NOT an alternative to the traditional organization of pitch used by twentieth-century composers? Tonic-dominant harmonies A chord made of tones only a half step or whole step apart is known as a tone cluster The first significant atonal pieces were composed around 1908 by Arnold Schoenberg Ostinato refers to a motive or phrase that is repeated persistently at the same pitch throughout a section. Radio broadcasts of live recorded music began to reach large audiences during the 1920s The first opera created for television was Gian-Carlo Menottis Amahl and the Night Visitors When did the first pairing of music and film take place? 1895 Impressionist painting and symbolist poetry as artistic movements originated in France The most important impressionist composer was Claude Debussy The term impressionist derived from a critics derogatory reaction to Impression: Sunrise, a painting by Claude Monet When viewed closely, impressionist paintings are made up of tiny colored patches Many of Debussys songs are set to poems by the symbolist poet Paul Verlaine The neoclassical movement in music roughly encompassed the years 1920-1950 Neoclassical compositions are characterized by forms and stylistic features of earlier periods Neoclassical composers modeled many of the works after the compositions of Johann Sebastian Bach The expressionist movement in music and art flourished in the years 1905-1925 Expressionism grew out of the same intellectual climate as Freuds studies of hysteria and the unconscious Richard Strauss operas Salome and Elektra were known for their chromatic and dissonant music Expressionism is an art concerned with social protest Expressionist composers avoided tonality and traditional chord progressions Since World War II, musical styles have taken many new directions and changes All of the following are major developments in music since 1950 except the continued composition of symphonies in the classical style Minimalism as an artistic movement was a reaction against the complexity of serialism and the randomness of chance music. Many composers since the mid-1960s have made extensive use of quotations from earlier music as an attempt to improve communication between the composer and the listener Since 1950 many composers have returned to tonal music In electronic music, there is no need fo performers Intervals smaller than the half step are called microtones Composers who have returned to the use of tonality have been called new Romantics Minimalist music is characterized by a steady pulse, clear tonality, and insistent repetition of short melodic patterns An example of aleatoric music is John Cages Imaginary Landscape No. 4 for twelve radios Around 1940, John Cage invented the prepared piano, a(n) grand piano whose sound is altered by objects such as bolts, screws, rubber bands, pieces of felt, paper, and plastic inserted between the strings of some of the keys. John Adams Short Ride in a Fast Machine is scored for a large symphonic orchestra and two synthesizers

Free Essays on Cry To Attention

â€Å"A Modest Proposal† by Jonathan Swift is an example of satire, which is a work of literature that uses great wit to point out in a mocking manner the frailties or maliciousness of individuals, groups or mankind usually in order to prompt a correction or a response from the reader. â€Å"A Modest Proposal† is a fine example of satire because of the way Swift incorporates great use of irony, sarcasm, and satire to point out the problems in Ireland to the English people. The irony Swift uses starting in the first paragraphs opens the way for his seemingly â€Å"modest† proposal. He begins in the first paragraphs by stating the problem of poverty in Ireland and then professes to have a legitimate solution to help. (Swift 1113) The irony begins on the next page as Swift talks about how babies are cheapest to care for in the first year as they are still nursing from their mothers. After this year, Swift proposes that they be taken from their mothers and will contribute to the feeding and clothing of them, instead of being burdens. (Swift 1114) All of Swift’s solutions are very ironic because it would almost certainly help the people of Ireland have fewer mouths to feed and more food to eat, however, the way he proposes to do it is so outrageous that no one would ever consider putting his solution into effect. The satire in â€Å"A Modest Proposal† is so outlandish it is funny. Who would ever think of writing about raising human babies as food so that the country would be a better place? Swift tells the reader of how a â€Å" young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Swift 1114) If the readers had been falling asleep by this point, this sentence should surely wake them up. Swift goes on the tell the readers of different ways the children could be cooked and about how a certain percentage of children born should be saved so that they could be bred for future generations of food... Free Essays on Cry To Attention Free Essays on Cry To Attention â€Å"A Modest Proposal† by Jonathan Swift is an example of satire, which is a work of literature that uses great wit to point out in a mocking manner the frailties or maliciousness of individuals, groups or mankind usually in order to prompt a correction or a response from the reader. â€Å"A Modest Proposal† is a fine example of satire because of the way Swift incorporates great use of irony, sarcasm, and satire to point out the problems in Ireland to the English people. The irony Swift uses starting in the first paragraphs opens the way for his seemingly â€Å"modest† proposal. He begins in the first paragraphs by stating the problem of poverty in Ireland and then professes to have a legitimate solution to help. (Swift 1113) The irony begins on the next page as Swift talks about how babies are cheapest to care for in the first year as they are still nursing from their mothers. After this year, Swift proposes that they be taken from their mothers and will contribute to the feeding and clothing of them, instead of being burdens. (Swift 1114) All of Swift’s solutions are very ironic because it would almost certainly help the people of Ireland have fewer mouths to feed and more food to eat, however, the way he proposes to do it is so outrageous that no one would ever consider putting his solution into effect. The satire in â€Å"A Modest Proposal† is so outlandish it is funny. Who would ever think of writing about raising human babies as food so that the country would be a better place? Swift tells the reader of how a â€Å" young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Swift 1114) If the readers had been falling asleep by this point, this sentence should surely wake them up. Swift goes on the tell the readers of different ways the children could be cooked and about how a certain percentage of children born should be saved so that they could be bred for future generations of food...

Beyond Business Why Socializing is Not Just for the Holidays

Beyond Business Why Socializing is Not Just for the Holidays The holiday season is upon us. There seems to be a celebratory business networking event to attend every night of the week between Thanksgiving and Christmas. In the second week of December my party of choice was the Dane Buy Local holiday social, a gathering of local business owners in Madison, WI. For many of us at that event, the operating word was â€Å"social.† It struck me that most of the people I spoke to, though originally met as business contacts, have become friends. For most of the evening, I felt like I was gabbing with my girlfriends, just like I would at a birthday or Halloween party at one of their homes (which I have attended). We talked about relationships, personal growth, families, health †¦ and, well, even a smattering of business (but not much). This sort of socializing was not what I ever would have predicted when I first became a â€Å"businesswoman.† When I first started my business, I thought I needed to keep my communications to business. But it wasn’t long before I learned that revealing my personality and just the right amount of my personal life in my communications created relationships that drew people into my sphere. Here’s what Joan Stewart, media consultant and author of the online newsletter, â€Å"The Publicity Hound’s Tips of the Week,† says about the subject: On sites like Facebook and Twitter, the social networking conversation should include your personal and business lives. Sharing information about things like your pets, hobbies and special interests will endear you to those who are following you. When the time comes to use these sites to discuss a new product, your followers will be more receptive because they’ll feel they already know something about you. Revealing personal information endears people in person too. More and more, in my networking meetings and coffee dates, I share about my personal life: my quirky beliefs in astrology, my uncharacteristic interest in reality TV, my dietary choices, and my relationships. I have yet to have anyone respond with anything but delight that we were able to share on a deeper level than they expected. The same goes with clients. My biggest fans and repeat clients are people I’ve talked to about personal topics, not just their writing projects. It’s human nature to trust and want to interact with people who know us for all aspects of our personalities and lives. I’m not planning to post a profile photo of me and my Chihuahua any time soon (even if I do acquire one, which is very unlikely). But I will likely keep talking about kale, The Bachelorette, and maybe even conversations with my mother, for the foreseeable future. Woody Allen quotes and pictures of my family will show up on my Facebook page. And while I’ll talk business at networking events, business will most definitely not be all I talk about. Life is so much more fun and engaging this way! And at this time of year- and really all year ‘round- that’s what it’s all about. 🙂 I love this picture. We have such a warm, inviting group in DBL. I could have stayed all night talking with you guys. Happy Holidays! Log in to Reply Jan Mead says: December 27, 2014 at 10:30 pm Well said, Brenda. In my experience, I see an important part of relationship building as getting to know people, somewhat personally as well as primarily professionally. Thank you for writing such an informative blog. Log in to Reply

Case analysis( Global business) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Case analysis( Global business) - Essay Example As a result, the price of ENTel was one of the less price paid for any telecommunication firm across all the developing countries. Furthermore, the privatization of ENTel resulted in legal duopoly as this would allow two companies to manage the entire telecommunication services. Later on, certain more subsequent events have changed the Argentina telecommunication industry. Sprint offers a wide range of wireless as well as wireline communication services to its customers including business and government users. The ‘Sprint’ tradition started off with the establishment of Brown Telephone Co. by Cleson Brown in the year 1899. With the introduction of long distance service, Sprint was able to seize the opportunity with offering its customers the long distance services; that was way back in 1986. In the year 1990, the company went global with its global subsidiary forms to market the international public data network services. In the year 2004, the company merged with another leading telecommunication firm Nextel leading to Sprint Nextel which aims to be no one in customer experience. As of now, Sprint is going to market its EVO 4G in Argentina. This analysis is done to evaluate its probability of success in Argentina. This would be done evaluating the company’s success in US, product attributes and the prospective barriers which can on the way to success. A conclusion would be fetched from the entire analysis. As in US, at the end of the year 2010 the organization has catered over 48.9 million customers. The organization is known for its impressive success in developing, engineering as well as introducing innovative technologies. The company is the first national carrier in US to come up with wireless 4G service, providing mobile data services, prominent brands including Virgin Mobile USA, Assurance Wireless Boost Mobile. Furthermore, the company has also offered instant national as well as

Global Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Business - Essay Example The company has chosen this market as its first international pilot project because it was geographically and culturally/psychologically close market (Ying Fan, 2009). However, the company realised that it was necessary â€Å"to adjust its business model to suit the new markets† (Ying Fan, 2009:285). Thus, the company has learned the Iron Rule of international business, whereas â€Å"in international business, the seller adapts to the buyer† (Gesteland, 2005: 17). The company continued its business expansion across France, Northern Europe, Mexico, and Greece. Thus, Zara has utilised the benefits of cultural convergence – â€Å"the growing similarity between national cultures, including the beliefs, values, aspirations, and the preferences of consumers, partly driven by global brands, media, and common global icons† (Rugman and Collinson, 2011: 137). Also, Zara has opened a store in New York. Even though it was neither geographically nor culturally close market, it was strategic decision enabling the company to build brand awareness and get close to international fashion brands (Ying Fan, 2009: 286). Thus, Zara has gained knowledge, experience and expertise necessary for successful business development in more distant markets. During the period from 1997 to 2005 Zara has adopted aggressive business expansion and entered other markets despite the fact of geographical or cultural proximity (Ying Fan, 2009). As of January 2006, the company was present in 59 countries across Europe, America, Middle East, Asia and Africa. In order to meet the needs of the consumers from different countries, the company has adopted localization strategy (Rugman and Collinson, 2011). It has adopted its products by modifying cloth size, style, and other elements to local tastes and cultures. In order to enter foreign markets, Zara has adopted three entry modes: own subsidiaries, joint ventures, and franchising. Zara entered most European and South American

Students working while in college Essay Example for Free

Students working while in college Essay Back in 70’s and 80’s, going to college and getting a degree did not seem much of a necessary thing to do. Students, who used to have enough time, enough money or much interest in doing so, used to go to college. Other students, by the end of their high school used to start looking for jobs good enough to support them and any dependents, if they had, financially. Even till not very long ago, going to college was more of a privilege, not a necessity. However, with growing competition all around the world, and increasing globalization and the world becoming a global village with multicultural workforces and amalgamated employee bases, going to college is becoming more and more of a necessity with every passing day. In fact, it has already become inevitable for most of the students in most parts of the world to have a good college degree in addition to proper experience and a set of competitive skills and abilities, in order to get a good, reputable job that earns a good sum of money for one’s living respectably. This fact, created great financial problems for the not-so-rich students, who could not afford the college education required to get them a good job. This might even have led to disparity among the population since the poor students who could not afford good college education would not have got good jobs either and would always have remained poor. This would have gone on and on. Eventually, these students either needed financial aid or any other means to generate money to pay the college fee and earn a degree. Many solutions were figured out. One way out are financial aids and scholarships. Another way to finance college education is to work while one studies at college earning the money for tuition along side Financial Aid and Scholarships One alternative to working while studying at college is to avail financial aids and scholarships. Financial aids are special loans provided to students who cannot afford college education to enable them to complete their studies and then pay the loan back slowly and gradually either during the course of their studies or later on when they have finished their educational life and start working. As far as scholarships are concerned, they are the special kind of the financial aid which does not need to be paid back. These scholarships can be provided under special programs by the government, NGO’s, any other private body or even the college/university itself. They might either be fully paid or partially paid (by a fixed percent). The Scholarships can either be merit based (when a student is exceptionally good at studies, that his education expenses are exempted or paid; in this case, the student should not be necessarily needy) or need based (when the student is good enough but cannot finance his education so his education fee needs to be exempted or paid). (Petersons, 2003) However, this is not always the case and is not applicable practically everywhere for many a reason. As far as financial aids are concerned, the problem with them is that they have to be paid back sooner or later, one way or the other. So, if other options are available, why take them in the first place? And the scholarships are obviously in a limited number. More over, not everyone can get a scholarship. For example, a student might be needy and interested in studying at college at the same time, but he might not be a good student after all, and thus, the scholarship providing bodies would not want to risk their money after someone who might not even graduate. (Petersons, 2003). More over, these scholarships might not cover the accommodation and other expenses of the students who might even be from other countries for sake of education. These and related expenses need to be paid for by the student one way or the other. These and many other financial problems of the students can be solved by working while studying at the college. This can help the student earn enough money to pay for the college tuition fee as well as other expenses like accommodation, everyday expenses like transportation and all. (Orszag, Whitemore, 2001) Working While in College. During the last two decades, the number of students working (part time or full time) while going to college has increased at an incredibly fast rate. The prime reason for such a behavior, as mentioned above is the increasing demand of college degrees. In addition to this, awareness among the students and increased inclination towards studies has played a major role as well. Also, with inflation increasing at a dramatic rate all around the world, most parent who could afford higher education for their children do not appear to do so any more and thus they expect their children to finance their education, fully or partly, by themselves. More over, not only the working students’ ratio has increased, but the number of students working full time during their full time student life has increased drastically as well. Working students can be roughly categorized as the full time students who are working (full time or part time) to finance their living and education, that is the students who see themselves first as students and then as employees, and the students who work full time and are studying side by side with their work as part time students, that is the students who see themselves first as employees and then as students.

Frances Welfare System Essay -- International Government

The welfare system in France is founded on the principle of solidarity. Solidarity is sense of the responsibility of the individuals in the society to help each other out. This is all for the common good (Spicker). In order to promote solidarity, France has a welfare system that includes universal entitlements, social insurance, means-tested public assistance, and tax expenditures programs. One aspect of the French welfare system is universal entitlements. One universal entitlement under the French welfare system is health insurance. Every citizen in Frances is able to have healthcare insurance. For those citizens that are employed, the employer and employee both finance the insurance. However, the government pays for the health care of the unemployed. In both the case of employed and unemployed, there is no deductible. France’s health care system seems to be working quite well since it is ranked as the best in the world according to the World Health Organization (Capell 2007). Free nursery provision for every child three years and up is another universal entitlement. Once the child is old enough to attend school, an additional universal entitlement is in place. All French citizens receive a free education. This free education does not just end after secondary education. In fact, there are 86 universities in France that are free to attend. (Rochefort). Universal entitlements are just one aspect of the French welfare system. Another component of the welfare system is means-tested public assistance. For just housing alone, there are two types of means-tested public assistances: social housing and mortgage subsidies. There are government owned housing for those in need like lower income citizens. In addition to government housin... ...sinessweeks, Stock Market & Financial Advice. http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/07_28/b4042070.htm (accessed December 6, 2013). Evans, Martin. "New Economy." Means Testing Flaws. www.martin-evans.org/assets/files/MeansTestingFlawsNewEconomy.pdf (accessed December 6, 2013) Rochefort, Harriet. "Facts on Education in France." Education in France. www.understandfrance.org/France/Education. (accessed December 6, 2013) Spicker, Paul. "The Welfare State." An Introduction to Social Policy. http://www2.rgu.ac.uk/publicpolicy/introduction/wstate.htm#France (accessed December 6, 2013). Wingert, Jamie. "Country Case Studies and Links." University of Pittsburgh. http://www.pitt.edu/~heinisch/ca_fran.html (accessed December 6, 2013). 2011. "Making work pay." Economist 399, no. 8738: 60-61. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed December 6, 2013).

Smog City 2 from Particle Pollution

Name: Date: Save Smog City 2 from Particle Pollution Student Worksheet 1. Access the Smog City 2 web site at www. smogcity2. org. 2. Select â€Å"Save Smog City 2 from Particle Pollution. † 3. Once Smog City 2 loads to your computer, take note of the areas of Smog City, including Weather Conditions, Emissions Levels and Population. All areas have â€Å"clickable† choices. Mouse-over or click on the choices. †¢ NOTE: in the information box at the bottom of the screen, there is information about each choice. 4. Notice how each of the choices are pre-set to a certain level. These are called the default settings. You can use the reset button at any time to return to the default settings. In the chart below, circle or highlight the default setting for each choice. The first setting, Sunlight, has already been completed for you. Weather ConditionsChoices Included in the Area: Sunlight : Inversion Layer: Wind Speed: Maximum Daily Temperature: Clear -Partly Cloudy – Cloudy No inversion – Low inversion – High inversion Calm – Light Breeze – Breezy – Windy 30? F – 40 ? F – 50? F – 80? F – 90? F – 100 ? F – 110 ? F EmissionChoices Included in the Area: Energy Sources – Cars and Trucks – Off Road Vehicles – Consumer Products- Industry – Some energy sources produce more smog-producing emissions than others. (level 1 is cleaner sources like a wind or solar technology, level 3 produces more smog like a coal-fired power plant) Levels: 1 2 3 This includes Passenger vehicles (all sizes), large and medium trucks, motorcycles Levels: 1 2 3 4 5 This includes airplanes, trains, power boats, earth movers, tractors, harvesters, forklifts, bulldozers, backhoes Levels: 1 2 3 4 5 This includes paint thinner, charcoal lighter fluid, glue or other adhesives, gasoline Levels: 1 2 3 4 5 This includes manufacturing facilities, power plants, oil refineries/storage/distribution centers, food and agricultural processing Levels: 1 2 3 4 5 Area Name:Choices Included in the Area: Population – Population in Smog City 2 affects air quality. Changing population, as shown by the â€Å"total emissions† chart and the emission sources n the cityscape, affects VOCs, NOx and SO2. The compounds react to form ground-level ozone and particle pollution. When temperatures are cool, changing population also changes the usage of wood-burning stoves, which emit particle pollutionIn Smog City 2, you can increase the population from near-zero to about two million people. Levels: 1 2 3 4 5 5. Observe the AQI (Air Quality Index) box inside the bla ck box. The default settings, which are circled above, result in a â€Å"red†, or â€Å"Unhealthy† AQI for particle pollution. The health message is: â€Å"Active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such as asthma, should avoid prolonged outdoor exertion; everyone else, especially children, should limit prolonged outdoor exertion. † Scenario 1: Emission Sources 1. Minimize the â€Å"Save Smog City 2 from Particle Pollution! † instructions at the top of the screen. 2. Turn only Cars and Trucks control to 1. Leave all other choices at the default settings. Record what happens on the Student Worksheet in the table below. Uses the reset button to return the Cars and Trucks control to 3, so all controls are in default position. . Turn only Off Road down to 1. Leave all other settings alone. Record what happens on the Student Worksheet. Use the reset button to return the Off Road control to the middle setting, so all controls are in default position. Student Worksheet Energy SourcesCars &TrucksOff RoadConsumer ProductsIndustryAir Quality Index (AQI) ColorMessageValue DefaultRedU nhealthy157 21333YellowModerate80 23133RedUnhealthy158 4. Using the worksheet below, adjust each of the remaining controls noted in red and record the result in the worksheet. Student Worksheet Energy SourcesCars &TrucksOff RoadConsumer ProductsIndustryAir Quality Index (AQI) ColorMessageValue 23313RedUnhealthy175 23331RedUnhealthy152 13333Red Unhealthy173 5. Move all Emission controls to level 1. What is the AQI? Why? The AQI is green and healthy. The emissions are the main reason for the poor air quality. 6. Using the reset button, return all Emission controls to the middle setting and turn the Population control to level 1. What is the AQI? Why? (Hint: Read â€Å"WHAT IS THIS† in the information box) The AQI is green again. The reason for this is because when there are less people, there are less emissions as well as less particle pollutions from wood burning fireplaces (when the weather drops below 50 degrees. ) Scenario 2: Weather 1. Using the reset button, return all Emission and Population controls to the middle setting. What is the AQI level? Unhealthy for sensitive groups is the AQI when emissions and population controls are in the middle. 2. Set the Temperature to 80 degrees F. Check the black sign in the cityscape for the temperature. How does this affect particle pollution? Why? Heat increases the chemical conversion of emissions to ozone and particle pollution. 3. Move the Inversion control to low-altitude (the far right). How does this affect particle pollution levels? Why? Temperature inversions create a warm layer of air above the ground-level ozone that traps pollution. The lower the altitude, the closer to the ground the lid traps the pollution. Questions Based on all the data collected, answer the following questions 1. Was there any one variable that seemed to have a greater increase in particle pollution than others tested? Which one? Population made the most impact in either direction quicker than any other factor. 2. What steps could be taken to control emissions levels? Choose energy sources that are not produced with fossil fuels, telecommute (shop online) instead of taking trips to the mall, recycle, etc. 3. Can you think of ways to reduce particle pollution levels? Keep fire burning to a minimum or use a gas burning fireplace instead, ride a bike, take public transportation, walk, keep â€Å"off road† trips to a minimum, avoid revving engines for longer than 30 seconds when driving, etc.

Gillian Clarke †The Field Mouse Essay

In the first verse, the hay cutting is depicted in a positive light: the hay is cut â€Å"Down at the end of the meadow, / far from the radio’s terrible news†. The distance from the â€Å"terrible news† leads us to expect a peaceful description of a harmless farming activity exempt from the violence happening in the outside world. The opening line of the poem sets up this expectation: â€Å"Summer, and the long grass is a snare drum†. There are some images inserted into the scene here that add a subtle feeling of discomfort or unease, the first of which is the sound of the â€Å"jets† in line 2. It is a sound one hears particularly if you live in Wales, the Lake District or Norfolk and Suffolk. The next is, of course, the â€Å"terrible news† of the radio, which, although we are removed from it, is still mentioned and therefore forms part of an ominous backdrop, along with the jets, to the hay cutting. The image of the relentless hay cutting is also unsettling: â€Å"†¦ All afternoon / its wave breaks before the tractor blade†. The blade of the tractor will be shown to be the instrument of death later on in the poem. Lastly we hear about the neighbour who is spreading lime over his fields. Here the neighbour is unintentionally â€Å"drifting our land / with a chance gift of sweetness†. The lime he spreads over his fields inadvertently drifts to adjacent land and so the poet’s land also benefits. Lime reduces the acidity of the soil, hence the use of the phrase â€Å"gift of sweetness†. | The poem focuses now on the unforeseen damage to life that results in the hay cutting. We are made to experience the activity of hay cutting from another perspective as the first line talks of the â€Å"killed flowers†. The damage done is extended to include the creatures of the field. Our first image of the subject in the poem’s title, the field mouse, is one that evokes pity. Clarke uses synecdoche and metaphor to create the image of the dying mouse. The child’s hands have become a â€Å"nest of quivering mouse† as substitute for the nest destroyed by the â€Å"blade†. The mouse is described in terms of its eyes: â€Å"its black eyes two sparks burning†. The â€Å"burning† is here suggestive of fear, pain and also of life – the two sparks as points of animation, the seat of the â€Å"life spark†. This combined image of pain and life continues in lines 14 and 15 as the mouse â€Å"curls in agony as big as itself / and the star goes out in its eye†. A strong sense of empathy is evoked in us as the poet reveals a compassion many of us feel when confronted with an animal in mortal pain: â€Å"We know it will die and ought to finish it off†. The last lines of the second verse widen our focus to the entire field, which is â€Å"hurt† and â€Å"bleeding† after the relentless blade. It is the children who witness the damage and destruction caused by the hay cutting: â€Å"the children kneel in long grass, / staring at what we have crushed†. Line 16 connects this specific localised agricultural incident to the war in Europe, the subject of the â€Å"terrible news† on the radio in the first verse. â€Å"Summer in Europe, the field’s hurt† links the two events, which the poet will connect in greater detail in the last verse. | The opening line of the last verse evokes the carnage that one expects on a battlefield: â€Å"Before the day’s done the field lies bleeding†. This serves to emphasise the connection between the war that has shimmered as a backdrop to the poem so far and the inherent destruction of hay cutting. The â€Å"dusk garden† becomes a refugee camp â€Å"inhabited by the saved, voles, / frogs, a nest of mice†. These different creatures are unified by their shared trauma, as are human beings of different nationalities and cultures who are victims of war. This association is underlined by what follows in lines 21-22: â€Å"The wrong that woke / from a rumour of pain won’t heal†. The poet now consciously connects all she has seen from the hay cutting with the war in Europe. She can’t face the newspapers and yet in her dreams she faces children who â€Å"dance in grass† just as the helpless creatures of the field. She sees â€Å"their bones brittle as mouse-ribs†, a realisation of the frailty and vulnerability of human and animal to destructive forces of people. The hum of the jets described in the first verse now becomes a â€Å"stammering with gunfire†. The very last image in the poem refers more explicitly to the civil conflict of the 1990s in the former Yugoslavia, where the â€Å"neighbour† has become a â€Å"stranger†. She realises how easily her neighbour could become hostile: â€Å"my neighbour turned / stranger, wounding my land with stones†. The â€Å"land† referred to here has a wider significance in that it can be read to mean both the ground and any nation. The final lines suggest the territorial nature of the Bosnian war. Making land unfit for farming by spreading stones around (described in the Old Testament) is similarly a throwback to ancient times.

Gender Roles in Society Essays

Gender Roles in Society Essays Gender Roles in Society Essay Gender Roles in Society Essay Throughout history stereotypes have imposed a major role in society’s views of people. Today, gender remains one of the most common causes of stereotypical prejudice. Presenting an unfair standard for all to follow, gender roles taint people’s ideas of how someone should act and what someone should do. Believing these roles to be accurate, society casts negative opinions toward those who strive to do what others view as anomalous. Since the time that humans developed the ability to reason and communicate, gender roles have affected both men and women’s place in society.Gender roles influence the actions of parents and, consequently, their children, strengthening the roots of stereotypes in the world. The effect of gender roles in society is most evident in the workplace, where women have never been equal to men in salary or status. While the trends of the last century lean toward an equal future, gender roles continue to affect the lives o f men and women around the world. Gender roles create a significant disparity in the nature of the positions held by men and women.In 1880, for example, â€Å"Only ten percent of women [in New York City ] held paying jobs,† and, â€Å"two-thirds [of those women] worked in the clothing trade† (#3)†. Based on this statistic, it is apparent that women of that era were greatly affected by the conservative ideas of women’s place in society. Because of gender roles, that era’s society anticipated that the hard work would be done by the men and that women would stay at home, raise their family, and be devoted housewives.This chauvinistic theory also seems to be present in today’s society, where women and men still do not hold equally prominent positions in the workforce. In fact, only twenty-eight companies in the Fortune 1000 have a woman CEO (#2). That equates to 0. 28 % of the top one thousand corporations in America that have women at the helm. This ratio is obviously one that is hindered by the prevalent opinions of women’s abilities as leaders. Gender roles have made an obvious mark on women’s ability to attain jobs of notable status.Gender roles create the opportunity for men to hold positions that are higher paying than those of women. However, the gap between men and women’s salaries has continued to decline in recent decades. In fact, a US Department of Labor survey shows that in 1980 the average woman aged 45-54 made 56. 9% of the salary that an average man of that age made. That same survey shows that in 2005 women made 74. 5% of the salary that men made (#4). The nearly 20% closing of the gap between men and women’s salaries is a sign of society’s realization that men are not born better humans than women.Men are not naturally more physically adept than women nor are men born with higher IQ’s. As Fallows states in â€Å"Throwing like a Girl,† â€Å"There is no stru ctural reason why men and women should [function] in different ways† (#1). This presents the fact that at birth, a girl is just as likely to become a professional athlete as a boy is. At birth, a girl is just as qualified as a boy to grow up and become president of the United States . There is no reason that men should automatically be assumed to be more qualified for a position than women.The only reason for men’s superiority in society is that boys are raised differently than girls. Parents are afraid to tell their young boy to aspire to become a dancer because of the possibility that society will frown upon him. Parents are afraid to tell there daughter to become a CEO of a major corporation because they are afraid of the possibility of failure for their child. Instead, parents continue to impose what is deemed masculine upon their young son, or parents encourage what is viewed as feminine upon their daughter.In order to eliminate assumed gender roles in society, peo ple, more specifically parents, must be open-minded and realize that sex is not an automatic ruler when it comes to determining a child’s future. Also, parents must allow their children to do what they feel is right and give them the freedom to express themselves in whatever way they deem necessary. As evident in the workplace, gender roles play a prominent part in affecting opinions and decisions of all people. By following the accepted gender roles, both men and women limit their opportunities and conform to the expectations of society.Gender roles affect the status of all people in the world, and they prolong the prejudicial opinions that cast negative effects across society. Until everybody can honestly look past gender when judging a person, the effects of gender roles will continue to harm people’s views of others. This will not be achieved until parents can accept that not everybody has to do what others think is right because parents are the ones who shape thei r children and, ultimately, a society’s future.The world must continue to make positive steps toward equality between men and women and keep in mind the horrible consequences of narrow-minded gender roles. 1. Fallows, James. â€Å"Throwing like a girl,† The Writer’s Presence: A Pool of Readings, 6th Edition, 2009. p. 386-392 2. â€Å"Women CEOs,† CNN Money, 2009. 15 Oct, 2009. 3. â€Å"Women in the workplace,† American History. ABC-Clio, 2009. Web. 12 Oct, 2009. 4. â€Å"Women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s,† Bureau of Labor Statistics, US Department of Labor, 2008. 14 Oct, 2009.

No, Oil Does Not Come From Dinosaurs

No, Oil Does Not Come From Dinosaurs In 1933, the Sinclair Oil Corporation sponsored a dinosaur exhibit at the Worlds Fair in Chicago on the premise that the worlds oil reserves were formed during the Mesozoic Era, when the dinosaurs lived. The exhibit was so popular that Sinclair promptly adopted a big, green brontosaurus (today wed call it an apatosaurus) as its official mascot. Even as late as 1964, when geologists and paleontologists were starting to know better, Sinclair repeated this trick at the much bigger New York Worlds Fair, driving home the connection between dinosaurs and oil to an entire generation of impressionable baby boomers. Today, Sinclair Oil has pretty much gone the way of the dinosaur itself (the company has been acquired, and its divisions spun off several times; there are still, however, a few thousand Sinclair Oil gas stations dotting the American midwest). The premise that oil originated from dinosaurs has been harder to shake, though. Politicians, journalists, and even occasional well-meaning scientists have repeated this myth. Which prompts the question, Where does oil really come from? Tiny Bacteria, Not Huge Dinosaurs, Formed Oil You may be surprised to learn that oil reserves were actually produced by microscopic bacteria, not house-sized dinosaurs. Single-celled bacteria evolved in the earths oceans about three billion years ago and were pretty much the only life form on the planet until about 600 million years ago. As tiny as these individual bacteria were, bacterial colonies, or mats, grew to truly massive proportions (were talking thousands, or even millions, of tons for an extended colony). Of course, individual bacteria dont live forever; their lifespans can be measured in days, hours, and sometimes even minutes. As the members of these massive colonies died off, they sank to the bottom of the sea and were gradually covered by accumulating sediment. Over millions of years, these layers of sediment grew heavier and heavier until the dead bacteria trapped below were cooked by the pressure and temperature into a stew of liquid hydrocarbons. This is the reason the worlds largest oil reserves are located thousands of feet underground and not readily available on the earths  surface in the form of lakes and rivers. When considering this, its important to try to grasp the concept of deep geologic time, a talent possessed by very few people. Try to wrap your mind around the enormity of the figures: bacteria and single-celled organisms were the dominant forms of life on earth for a whopping two and a half to three billion years, a virtually incomprehensible stretch of time when measured against human civilization, which is only about 10,000 years old, and even against the reign of the dinosaurs, which lasted only about 165 million years. Thats a lot of bacteria, a lot of time, and a lot of oil. Does Coal Come From Dinosaurs? In a way, its closer to the mark to say that coal, rather than oil, comes from dinosaurs- but its still dead wrong. Most of the worlds coal deposits were laid down during the Carboniferous period, about 300 million years ago- which was still a good  75 million or so years before the evolution of the first dinosaurs. During the Carboniferous period, the hot, humid earth was blanketed by dense jungles and forests; as the plants and trees in these forests and jungles died, they were buried beneath layers of sediment, and their unique, fibrous  chemical structure caused them to be cooked into solid coal rather than liquid oil. There is an important asterisk here, though. Its not inconceivable that some dinosaurs perished in conditions that lent themselves to the formation of fossil fuels- so, theoretically, a tiny proportion of the worlds oil, coal, and natural gas reserves could be attributed to rotting dinosaur carcasses. You just have to bear in mind that the contribution of dinosaurs to our fossil fuel reserves  is  orders of magnitude smaller than that of bacteria and plants. In terms of biomass- that is, the total weight of all the living organisms that have ever existed on earth- bacteria and plants are the true heavyweights; all other forms of life amount to mere rounding errors. Yes, Some Dinosaurs Are Discovered Near Oil Deposits Thats all well and good, you might think- but how do you account for all the dinosaurs (and other prehistoric vertebrates) that have been discovered by work crews searching for oil and natural gas deposits? For example, the well-preserved fossils of plesiosaurs, a family of marine reptiles, have been unearthed near Canadian oil deposits, and a meat-eating dinosaur accidentally discovered during a fossil-fuel drilling expedition in China has been given the well-deserved name gasosaurus. There are two ways to answer this question. First, the carcass of any animal that has been compressed into oil, coal, or natural gas wouldnt leave any identifiable fossil; it would be entirely converted into fuel, skeleton and all. And second, if the remains of a dinosaur happen to be discovered in the rocks adjoining or covering an oil or coal field, that simply means the unfortunate creature met its end hundreds of millions of years after that field was formed; the precise interval can be determined by the relative location of the fossil in the surrounding geologic sediments.

Anycity Ambulance Patient Transfer Service Essay

Anycity Ambulance Patient Transfer Service - Essay Example Basically I have tried to incorporate the different interaction styles, so that the user would have a better way of system manipulation. I have emphasized on the Visible Navigation style in the system. For this task I have used the Standardize Task Sequences to ensure that embedded links are descriptive. Here also a use of the unique and descriptive headings and checkboxes for binary choices, I have also tried to use thumbnails to preview larger images. This also facilitate in the visible navigation. To incorporate the feedback feature I have designed the system in such a way that it offers informative feedback. This feature is implemented through designing and incorporating a dialogues feature to yield closure for the system users. This can be done by permitting easy reversal of actions and by offering the support internal focus of control. I have kept one point in mind during incorporating the feature of the error prevention that I have to reduce short-term memory load from the system user. This point is really supportive to the error prevention. The system help at any point during the use is very essential. For this purpose I have designed the tool tips and a help menu that is useful in case of any ambiguity during the system working. I suggest for the embedding of the information on the system interface. When curser goes to any point on the screen the system has to tell about that particular menu or function. System manual or documentation is really essential for the trouble shooting and error handling. So we have to provide this feature

Individual Review on poster presentation 1,500 words Essay

Individual Review on poster presentation 1,500 words - Essay Example Volkswagen has a long history in China and plays a vital role in the Chinese automotive industry. In 1985, the Company signed a deal with SAIC that was formed by the merger of several local car manufacturers of China. This was a strategic move in history for the Chinese auto industry as well as Volkswagen. The company, Volkswagen Automotive Company Ltd (SVW) first identified those market segments which can be easily served with the existing product portfolio. Hence, Audi 100 became the Government officials car and Jetta emerged as commonly used taxies. Such strategic monopoly of the company assisted it to acquire a secure market share in China. This was the first phase of market penetration for Volkswagen in China and soon the company started developing strategies to further penetrate the market and expand its market share (Ray, 2003). Volkswagen was the first western auto manufacturer that entered China. The company was smart enough to be used as taxi and government cars which helped it to gain economies of scales. This strategic move also had a marketing aspect. The cars running on the roads of Shanghai acted as company’s showroom and thus more and more people came to know about the brand portfolio of Volkswagen. With time, the taxi fleet in Shanghai underwent an up gradation and each time a new model from Volkswagen’s brand portfolio has replaced the old one. Eventually, the company entered joint venture with local companies to develop a stable and reliable supply chain in the market. However, with increasing market competition from the local as well as international players in the auto industry, market share of Volkswagen started declining in early 2000s and the company went into crisis (EBF, 2007, p.47). With its innovation and creative thinking, the company introduced changes in its products as well as business strategy and reoccupied its lost image and established itself as one of the most popular cars. With time the Chinese auto sector has

Telecommuting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Telecommuting - Essay Example This also leads to severe and counterproductive compromising on the time available for engaging in healthy and relaxing recreation, thus culminating in faulty lifestyles, health problems, workaholic routines and a plethora of other problems. With the real estate prices in the business centres around the world, skyrocketing, businesses are also realizing the futility of investing capital on the office space, hardware, furniture and other professional amenities. However, the things are no more going to be the same as they were in the days of the yore. The digital technology has literally revolutionized the way organizations and people work and has facilitated both the employers and the employees with a myriad options and possibilities. Telecommuting, also referred to as e-work, telework, e-commuting, working from home (WFH) or working at home (WAH) is a trend that is fast catching up with the business organizations and the workers all over the world. Telecommuting is increasingly becoming an accepted norm and lifestyle in the US and throughout the developed world. More and more companies are realizing the benefits of allowing the employees to avoid or shorten their commuting obligations by allowing them to work from home by using the latest gadgets and the technology to stay connected with their office administration and management. Even before the concept of telecommuting came into vogue, there do existed employees who were occasionally allowed to work from home by their employers. As per a recent survey conducted by Dieringer Research Group, it was found that in the year 2005, the

Properties of Urena lobata Linn (Caesar Weed)

Properties of Urena lobata Linn (Caesar Weed) PLANT PROFILE Urena lobata Linn. Botanical Name: Urena lobata Linn. Common Name: Caesar weed Parts Used: Leaves, Stem, Root and Whole plant      Fig 1. Urena lobata Linn Taxonomical Classification Kingdom: Plantae Unranked: Angiosperms Unranked: Rosids Order: Malvales Family: Malvaceae Subfamily:Malvoideae Tribe: Hibisceae Genus: Urena Species: U. lobata Synonyms :U. americana U. grandiflora, ,U. trilobataVell., Urena diversifolia Vernacular names Vernacular names are shown in Table Table Vernacular Names of Urena lobata SI. No. Languages Vernacular Names 1 Hindi Bachata, Bachit, Bachita, Bala Bhed, Brachta, Chatkura,Dudh-Khal, Kapasi, Kunjia, Lapetua, Lotloti, Unga, Vilaiti San 2. Malayalam Urppam Ottey Udiram, Uram, Uran, Uren, Vatti, Vatto 3. Kanada Baralu Kaddi Mara, Bekkina Hejje Gida Dodda Bende, Dooda Bende, Hamsapaadi, Kaadu Thutthi, Otte, Otte Mara, Vatta 4. Marathi Rantupkada,Rantupkuda, Tupkato, Vanabendha, Vana-Bhenda, Vanbhendi, Wagdau Bhendi 5. Sanskrit Vanabhenda, Nagabala, Bala, Atibala 6. Tamil Ottatti, Ottattutti, Ottu Thuththi, Ottukututti, Ottuttutti, Ottuttutti 7. Telegu Nalla Benda, Nallabenda, Padanikaada, Pedda Benda, Peddabena, Peddabenda, Piliyamankena, Vana Benda 8. English Aramina Fibre, Congo Jute, Cousin Mahoe, Guaxima General description of Urena lobata  Linn Caesar weed called as Bur Mallow, Aramina, Hibiscus Bur and Pink Chinese Burr. It is a sub shrub 60 cm to 300 cm in altitude and basal diameter is 7 cm. Bark is downy and is hard and gristly, within the bark is green in color and outside it is brown in color the wood is medium in density and pale yellow in color. The herb is sustain through lateral and tap root arrangement. The color of ivory or brown and root system is flexible and hard-hitting roots. The plant is typically have a solitary stem rising from the land however usually generate more than a few stems and main twigs small in the shoot and a lot of twigs the whole time. Dis-colorous, grayish-green, alternating leaves are pubertal on below and above the leaf. Leaves are angulated, oval in shape and lobbed as shallow of 1 to 12 cm. They have margins of indent shape.. The shape of the fruit is globose and of 8mm to 10 mm of capsules shape and it is having mericarps of five smooth barbed. The plant grows throughout moisttropic and subtropical regions (Liogier 1994). Habitat: Urena lobata Linn, is a herbaceous, upright and semi-woody. It is coming under shrub growing, tomentose and 60 100 cm or more tallness. The young stem as well as branches are covered with somewhat harsh spreading stellate hairs (tomentum) and bearing simple, alternate variable broadly ovate to round cordate, angled or lobed leaves and sessile or shortly stalked pinkish auxiliary flowers. Leaves: Leaves of the plant are simple, alternate, petiolate and stipulate;blade-very variable. Usually the leaf is broader than long round or ovate, up to 10-15 cm long, cordate at the base angled or shallowly 5-7 lobed, the lobes not extending half way down or occasionally nearly obsolete generally acute or acuminate, serrate, stellately tomentose on both surface. But, paler beneath with five to seven pairs of basal nerves which are prominent on the under surface and below the basement region there is a large gland and occasionally at the base of two lateral also. Flowers: Pink colored flowers of Axillary shape and are of typically lonely and petals of five in number. The size of about 1 cm in board. Flower of the herb is shown in Fig Fig Flower of Urena lobata Petiole:  Variable in length. Stem:  Moderately thick, pubescent in young ones and smooth in mature ones, with long inter nodes. Root:  The root system consists of the taproot and several branching lateral roots are fairly stout and brown in colour. These may attain a diameter of 5-6 mm and length varying from 20-25 cm. Very small wiry cream color rootlets arise from the lateral roots. Small lenticels are also present towards to base and the outer surface of the root. Major chemical constituents The main constituents of Urena lobataLinn, include flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides such as ÃŽ ²-sitosterol, stigmasterol, furocoumarin, imperatorin, mangiferin and quercetin (Keshab2004).It also contains kaempferol, luteolin, hypolatin and gossypetin. Geographical source Caesar Weed belongs to Asia. Herb breeds all through damp sub-tropic and tropical province counting India, Florida, Hawaii, Guam, Louisiana and in American Samoa. Environmentalism Urena lobata willingly assault anxious region, particularly badly cope scarified-pastures and eroded-areas, and it is a plantation of perennial category. This herb is less difficulty in yearly yield. Herb does not grow in wood-canopies. This plant is not struggle healthy in giant meadow and brush-lands. Cultivation Seed propagation is the method of cultivation of Urena lobata. Before sowing the seeds in the prepared land is has soak it in water for 90 min and it will result a high germination rate of 96%.. the seeds are discrete by adhere to fur and clothing. The small seedlings are planted in the on the well-prepared land.. Soil The plant will grow in a different range if soil. Fertility range also differs and the new plant will get fertilizer from parent-materials. It will not cultivate in saturated oil where all the minerals exhausted. It is having the capacity to with held the salt in the soil. Water it is need for its healthy cultivation Growth and management Urena lobata grow very fast and it will reach height of 0.5 to 2 m in tall in the first year itself. After the first season it will dying-back i.e. its second year of its first of growth we can collect the fiber after 7-8 months from the plant. It will yield a fiber of 1800 kg/hectare. These fibers are recognized from seeds only. 300-500 kg/ha seeds are getting from the plants of 7 -8 months of age. Since the plant of hostile type the planting in wild way is not advisable. Benefits and Detriments This herb grows as colonies in the concerned area. This growing nature of the plant help to guard the soil, whereas provides wrap in support of natural world. The gorgeous flowers which will contribute to the aesthetic area which hare colonized. Aramina is the fiber which will obtain from this herb, which looks like jute fiber. Congo-jute is the fiber manufactured in Africa and Brazil from the same plant (Fagundes, 2003). A variety of extract obtained from the roots and leaves from the plant are benefits as herbal-medicine. These extracts are used for varieties of disease like malaria, wounds, toothache, fever, colic and joint-pain. A report shows the raw leaves of Urena lobata hold the phosphorous of 67 mg/100g, ash of 21gm, 0.1 gm of fat, 3.2 g protein, 12.8 gm of carbohydrates, moisture of 81.8 %, Calcium of 558 mg and fiber of 1.8 gm. Leaves of Caesar weed give a semi-purified glycoside which is 86 % as effectual as the aspirin which is used as anti-inflammatory medicine in rats. In Africa the flowers and leaves are used as a famine food. The animal fur and the burs that are collected on clothing are a nuisance. On the other hand, the plant can become a harsh-weed in plantations and pastures and it is slight browsed by the cattle. Uses The traditional uses of the plant were found to be diuretic, febrifuge. and rheumatism. It sever as food for animals as well as humans (Mazumder et al,  2001). It is used for malaria, gonorrhea, wounds and toothache.

Living on Death Row :: Criminal Justice Essays

Living on Death Row The purpose of this paper is to examine life on death row. The information obtained in order to write this paper came from one article. In reading the article it is very clear to see the obvious one-sided bias of the author, who is apparently adamantly against the current status of death rows across the United States of America. Unfortunately, no research could be found to illustrate other views or opinions of life on death row. The author of this article used many opinions, first hand accounts and experiences of prisoners living on death row to illustrate his/her ideas. However, there is an obvious bias of those currently living on death row against their living conditions and treatment. It can be assumed that few people would want to be somewhere or enjoy being somewhere when they knew that they would eventually be executed. It is can also be assumed that very few people would find awaiting executing a happy or fulfilling experience. It is interesting to note that while searching t he Internet for information on the death penalty an abundance of web sites were found that belonged to prisoners on death row. All of whom claimed that they were wrongly accused, framed for, and innocent of the crimes that they were convicted of committing.   It is the opinion of the author that the main purpose and goal of death row is "human storage." (Article, p.48) By this the author is suggesting that "condemned prisoners [are] treated essentially as bodies kept alive to be killed." (Article, p.48) The author goes on to use examples given by inmates on death row to illustrate the above-mentioned point. On such example included the alleged treatment of a suicidal prisoner on a death row in Texas. Apparently this prisoner was "placed in a straightjacket †¦handcuffs†¦placed on his wrists†¦a crash helmet†¦. was placed on his head and there he lay for weeks, helpless, alone and drugged." (Article, p. 49) Unfortunately there is no information given as to what else could have been done for the prisoner or what facilities the prison had to deal with this type of issue. This is also an anecdotal example given by someone on death row themselves. It is quite possible that this example may have been exaggerated or distort ed in the re-telling or even told in an attempt to get staff in some form of trouble or get back at the staff for a 'wrong' done against the prisoner.

Marketing Plan for Toyota Prius Essay

1. Executive Summary Toyota Motors is preparing to launch the new Toyota Prius Hybrid. The Prius will be using the Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD) with features combining highly efficient petrol engine and an electric motor. The electric vehicle (EV) allows the Prius to run purely for low noise and zero fuel consumption (Toyota Company, 2012). Due to the ever increasing presence of green revolution, Toyota Motors wants to take advantage of the potential increase in demand for hybrid vehicles (Boschert, 2007). Having been voted the World’s No 1 Hybrid in 2010 (Toyota, 2013), Toyota Motors have made an executive decision to continue producing the Prius, giving the world its first mass-produced hybrid car. As a result, even before launching this new product it is important for Toyota Motors to prepare strategic marketing place so that the Toyota Prius can impact the marketplace. 2. Current Marketing Situation 1. Product Let us take a look at the Prius with respect to its exterior, interior, performance, safety and price (Toyota Company, 2013). Exterior: The Prius has a distinct design shaped by using a comprehensive approach to aerodynamic theory and performance, contributing to its powerful performance and outstanding fuel efficiency. Interior: The interior of the Prius expresses the spirit of innovation which is warm and inviting. The Prius is fully equipped with soft lines which flow around the occupants as passengers and drivers alike relax comfortably. Performance: The Prius is a combination of highly efficient engine with a fully equipped electric motor. The HSD provides a smooth, responsive performance which includes low fuel consumption and low exhaust emission. Safety: The Prius ensures peace of mind. This means that it is fully equipped with active and passive safety measures that integrate the use of advanced technologies; helping to ensure the highest level of safety. Price: The Prius is currently priced at RM 139,915 with insurance for consumers in Peninsular Malaysia. As technology for the Prius increase, Toyota will surely lower its market price so as to make it more affordable for consumers. 2. Market data According to a survey done by J. D. Power published in 2012, almost 23% of respondents have indicated that the next car they would buy or lease would most likely be a hybrid car such as the Prius (Tuttle, 2013). Toyota being the top manufacturing hybrid car company has certainly managed to push beyond its original niche status and become a best seller across the globe. 3. Competition The Prius continues to face intense competition from other automakers. One of Toyota’s main competitors is Ford. Ford has recently launched the C-Max. The C-Max has been impressive recording higher sales than the Prius V (Turtle, 2013). In January 2013, Bloomberg reports that Ford hybrid sales have increased five-fold. Ford has sold 6000 hybrids in January 2013 as compared to only 1200 in January 2012 (Trudell, 2013). Erich Merkle, Ford’s sales analyst has even reported that â€Å"we are looking toward 2013 as being a record sales year for our hybrid vehicles.† Also, Ford’s market share has increased from 7% in 2012 to 16% in 2013. 4. Macro-Environment We will be using the PESTLE analysis as a tool to clearly identify and analyze the key drivers of change in the business environment (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2008. As stated by Orfano, this PESTLE tool allows the assessing of the current environment and potential changes (Orfano, 2011). We shall look at these 6 factors based on the research done by Sin and co (Sin, 2012). Political Factors: The Prius has a positive political impact because by manufacturing these hybrid cars, a country reduces the dependence on petrol. This is true for countries that do not produce oil. Economic Factors: Consumers will begin to select the Prius because of the fuel savings over time benefits. Also, the cost of insurance and road tax for the Prius is relatively lower that a normal gasoline car. Social Factors: Since change in the climate is a serious issue, Toyota should produce a vehicle which will not bring pollution to the environment. Although the Prius is significantly higher in value than conventional cars, with technology increasing in the near future it is very likely that the price of the Prius will decline accordingly as the Prius’ technology become more familiar. Technological Factors: Hachman suggests the technology used in Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles is the idea of using the batter powered car. The recharging time is one and a half hours for 240V AC or three hours for 120V AC. The plug-in will switch to hybrid mode, providing an estimated 49 miles per gallon (Hachman, 2011). In order to increase mileage, the Prius is built from a body of lightweight materials such as carbon fiber, aluminum, magnesium and titanium. Legal Factors: According to the United States department of energy lead programs office (LPO), it encourages advance clean energy technologies. This is to contribute meaningfully to the objectives of including job creation, reducing dependency on foreign oil, improving environmental legacy and enhancing American competitiveness in the global economy of the 21st century (U.S. Department of Energy, 2005). Environmental Factors: The Prius unlike other cars does not produce gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides, oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbon and lead which can cause many health problems. Not only does the Prius, provide a public benefit but at the same times it does not compromise on its safety, quality and functionality. 3. SWOT Analysis It is importance to identify Toyota’s organizational strengths and weakness together with its opportunities and threats. The ultimate goal is to identify Toyota’s core competencies – things that Toyota has or does relatively well as compared with competitors (Schermerhorn, 2011). |Strengths |Weaknesses | |Best fuel efficiency of any midsize car |Fuel economy varies and optimization requires careful driving | |Spacious interior |Premium price compared to similar non-hybrid cars | |Good performance compared to non-hybrid vehicles |Other cars are available in the same price range with significantly | |Comfortable |higher performance | |Quiet at all speeds |Requires more energy to build than comparable non-hybrid cars | |Smoother transmission than most other cars | | |Appeal of latest technology | | |Minimal impact on environment | | |Excellent scoring on crash test | | |Opportunities |Threats | |It is likely that petroleum will cost more in the future as supplies|High mileage clean diesel based cars are becoming more available and| |diminish which may increase demand |will grab market share | |Awareness of environmental concerns is growing |Other hybrids such as the Ford C-Max will soon enter the market | |Sales are likely to spread new markets in developing cou ntries over |Toyota’s recent negative press and widespread recalls are likely to | |time |scare some potential buyers. | (Halbright, 2010) 4. Objectives Increase awareness of Toyota Prius by 50% in the next 3 years targeting new markets in developing countries. Increase total sales of Toyota Prius by 40% by the end of 2013 (Refer to Appendix: Note 1) Invest substantially in positioning a distinctive Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD) projecting low noise and zero fuel consumption. Start positioning Toyota Prius as an environmental friendly family car. 5. Marketing Strategy Creative Strategy: The Toyota Prius offers features that no other car offers. This in itself is its unique selling point and should be emphasized in market promotions. As a start to achieve the increase in awareness, promotion should concentrate on the education aspect. Communication Mix: As for communicating the Prius, two factors should be considered a) the type of product (high involvement) and the stage in the product life cycle (introduction). With regards to high involvement, personal selling is important because it provides more conviction of purchase. Personal selling will be carried out by the local car dealers who need to have sufficient knowledge on the Prius. Personal selling will also include targeting corporate companies or fleet buying segment. As for the stage in the product life cycle, sales promotion is most effective trigger for a purchase. Sales promotions are useful at the beginning of the product life cycle to increase acceptance or provoke a test drive. Media Strategy: The internet plays an important role. A direct mail will be sent to potential buyers and enable buyers to purchase the Prius online which would include a downloadable e-brochure. All advertisements will bear the Prius web address to make it easy for buyers to find it. Besides that, print adverts will be placed in quality newspapers especially those newspapers with weekend car editions such as The Star, New Straits Times, The Sun etc. Also, since the television is a good medium to target a wider audience it should be a priority. The TV stations would include TV3, NTV7 etc. Not forgetting outdoor billboards positioned at specific junctions. This could be complemented with a TV and print advertising where it is visible for potential buyers to see. Pre-Launch: This is crucial to get potential buyers excited about the new and upcoming Prius. Focusing on the pre-launch could potential determine how well the Prius sells. Consequently, an aura of excitement should be built from social media, direct mail, advertising, television adverts etc. This would also create awareness for the product that has a long purchase cycle and a long decision time. 6. Action Programs Subsequently the action program will be over a span of 3 years. So as to align our action program with our objectives, our marketing strategies will directly plan to achieve the objectives in which we set out. (The breakdown of the action program is attached in the Appendix: Note 2-4) 7. Projected Profit and Loss Statements The Projected Profit and Loss Statement would project a gross profit of RM 172,787.50. This comes from a projected unit sale of 2,500 units. (The breakdown of the Projected Profit and Loss Statement is attached in the Appendix: Note 5) 8. Controls So as to maximize the return on the marketing plan, there needs to be controls in place to monitors the plans progress (Anderson, 2013). Customer Feedback: To monitor the marketing plan, Toyota needs to monitor customer feedback through polls and surveys. Toyota can reach our buyers indirectly through hosting online polls on the Internet. Consequently, surveys can be done with marketing groups or via individual interviews by phone or in person. Target Market Sales: The Toyota Prius sales can be measured by the units sold. This is also done through market survey or at the point of sale. For example, if the target market is male ages 40 to 50, then market sales reports would monitor sales made to that group. On the other hand, if sales are down, then further market research would need to identify sales made to that group. Budgeting: This would include printing expense, travel expenses for trade shows, cost of market research studies and internal personnel costs. These costs would need to be closely monitored to minimize spending and maximize profitability. Market Share: Toyota would need to control market share which is the percentage of consumer sales dominated by the Prius. According to Turtle, the Toyota Prius market share decrease from 68% in 2012 to 60% in 2013 (Turtle, 2013). Subsequently, Toyota would need to increase market share and continue to place the Prius’ stamp in the marketplace.

Artificial Intelligence

One were to take a look around the room they are currently in, chances are there would be some form of artificial Intelligence present. From cell phones to computers – artificial Intelligence Is everywhere and even a way of life. The next generation of people may never know what life is without some form of intelligence embedded into their everyday schedule and routines. Perhaps the coffee pot that brews their caffeinated beverage every morning is programmed in such a way that they don't even have to touch it.Originally, however, it was programmed by a human. Robots may indeed be programmed intelligently, but robots can never replace humans. According to Kevin Money, It Is said that â€Å"Google and a lot of other companies believe robots today are like cell phones back when they were the size of bricks and cost $6,000. It may take 10 or 20 years, but before long everybody is going to have a robot – or several† (Money, 2013). Robots work alongside human beings to ensure accuracy, precision, and skill that human beings cannot perform on their own.Dan Lyons states that, â€Å"From self-service checkout lines at the supermarket to industrial robots armed with saws and taught to carve up animal carcasses In slaughter-houses, these ever- ore-Intelligent machines are now not Just assisting workers but actually kicking them out of their jobs. Automation isn't just affecting factory workers, either. Some law firms now use artificial intelligence software to scan and read mountains of legal documents, work that previously was performed by highly paid human lawyers. Surely, robots are designed to assist humans, but can they really replace them? Author Michael Brooks writes about Hugh Lobber, a philanthropist from New York, whose goal Is to create total unemployment for all human beings throughout the world. â€Å"He wants robots to do all the work. And the first step towards that is to develop computers that seem human when you chat to them. It's n ot a new idea. Alan Turing is credited with the first explicit outline of what is now called the Turing test.A human judge sits down at a computer and has a typed conversation with an entity that responds to whatever the Judge types. If that entity is a computer, but the judge thinks It's a person, the conversational computer program passes the test (Brooks, 2013). † Human beings are highly flawed creatures and they often make mistakes. Robots, on the other hand, are computers – they execute a skill, time and mime again, without flaw, for the most part. That's why they are often used in medical settings, so that doctors can have the assistance of a robot to help execute a task.Dan Lyons states, â€Å"surgeons are using robotic systems to perform an ever-growing list of operations–not because the machines save money but because, thanks to the greater precision of robots, the patients recover In less time and have fewer complications, says Dry. Miriam Cure. † However, this doesn't necessarily mean that robots are going to replace humans. â€Å"The surgery bots don't replace surgeons?you still need a surgeon to drive the robot† (Lyons, 2013). Unfortunately, computers are computers, and one day, they will crash. It may not happen right away, but eventually, there will be a glitch, a mistake, or an entire shutdown.Computers do not have a will or desire to complete a task, so they are only as good as they are programmed. In fact, there are many attributes that computers simply cannot intelligent as they may seem. It is inaccurate to think that a computer may genuinely mimic or replace a human, because they simply don't have mental skills. A robot may be programmed to respond to certain types of tones, words, or body language, but he beautiful thing about human beings is that they can come up with their own responses on their own – no matter what the stimulus may be.According to Greg Egan, it is healthier to communicate with a real human being rather than an artificially intelligent one. He states that, â€Å"The art of conversation, of listening attentively and weighing each response, is not a universal gift, any more than any other skill. Honing one's conversational skills with a computer–discovering your strengths and weaknesses while enjoying a chat with a character that is no less interesting for failing to exist–might well lead to better conversations with fellow unmans† (Egan, 2014).This is significant because human beings need this sort of interaction for mental health and stability. If one were connected to a robot, rather than a human, they would get a false sense of reality. Michael Brooks feels the same way about it. He says, â€Å"When we talk to each other, whether it's about last night's TV or the wisdom of a military strike on Syria, we are doing something far harder than sending a rocket to the moon. We did the moon-shot decades ago but we still can't make a machine that will hold a decent conversation† (Brooks, 2013). Human beings make mistakes. It is simply a part of human nature.If a human was around a robot that didn't make mistakes, or wasn't â€Å"human† enough, then the person would become uncomfortable. According to The Economist, â€Å"To keep human workers at ease, collaborative robots should also have an appropriate size and appearance. Collaborative, humanoid robots should generally be no larger than a six-year-old, a size most adults reckon they could overpower if necessary. Large eyes make robots seem friendlier and, crucially, more aware of their surroundings. † This goes to show the relationships that humans have with each other: the bigger and stronger a arson seems to be, the more intimidating they become.There is a trust issue that takes place within the need for big eyes to seem friendlier and the need to be aware of current surroundings. Isn't one of the greatest parts of being human the ability to judg e character and decide, individually, who is frightening and untrustworthy and who is not? The article also adds, â€Å"But overly humanoid features can lead to problematically unrealistic expectations. † So, if the robot were to randomly burst into flames, then the human would no longer trust it. Alas, assuming the robot could be rusted in the first place would lead to unrealistic expectations – expectations that are not human enough to exceed.Robots are unique because they are programmed. Humans are unique because they are not – meaning they are able to think for themselves and make mistakes. The Economist states that it is important to give robots â€Å"A defining human trait–the ability to make mistakes. Amah Salem programmed a humanoid Asimov robot, made by Honda, to make occasional harmless mistakes such as pointing to one drawer while talking about another. When it comes to household robots, test subjects prefer those that err over infallible ones , Dry Salem says. This is significant to see that humans prefer robots to be more human-like by making mistakes because it makes the person more comfortable. It is almost laughable, because a human is such prone to error, so the robot might as well be, they would prefer a robot to make a mistake would mean that they are searching for that connection – a connection that would sound something like, â€Å"we are only human† and they shrug it off and feel comforted again. Although robots are indeed artificially intelligent and have many technological capabilities, they still can never be exactly eke humans or completely replace humans.They may be able to help doctors and surgeons, factory workers, and make life a little easier in the everyday world, but they simply cannot mimic humans. Therefore, the idea of connecting with a robot should be thrown out the window, along with the idea of making a robot make mistakes on purpose for the comfort of the nearest human being. Wha t the nearest human being needs is to connect with the next human being and have a reassuring conversation that they will not lose their Job to a robot – unless they fail to program their robot ropey. Artificial intelligence Artificial Intelligence Is defined as the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages. Artificial intelligence has come a long way as our culture has developed.Many people believe that artificial intelligence is in a sense giving these computers sentience or making them alive. What most people don't agree on is that Artificial Intelligence Is hat delightfulness Ass's from humans if they can think critically about situations and form their own opinions. In the movie â€Å"The Final Moments of Karl Brand† we are shown the basic sense of how humans feel about sentient AH systems.Karl Brand a top researcher for a new experimental AH system downloads his memories into a device. Later after he is murdered his friend pulls up the memories he had â€Å"uploaded† and they create a sentient AH version of himself. Most peo ple are greatly disturbed by the fact that AH could possibly become In a sense living and have a unconsciousness, In this movie the cop is deeply disturbed and rushes to pull the plug on the sediment being.This is how most people commonly react to change and constantly improving technology. Everyday Hollywood releases movies like terminator, and Robotic where artificial intelligences go haywire and takeover all of humanity. However, Most artificial intelligences are actually very intelligent and almost have a human like reasoning and logic. It is because of this sense of â€Å"sentience† that most people feel uncomfortable about robots and the growing technological age. Artificial Intelligence Brian Aldiss’ â€Å"Supertoys Last All Summer Long† is an interesting story which was adapted to film by Steven Spielberg in the movie â€Å"AI – Artificial Intelligence. Reading the story initially one would notice that the story ends with a hanging ending. There seems to be no closure in the story except that the audience is left wondering what happens to David since the couple, Monica and Henry, already acquired the license to conceive a real human child. The story is extremely short and would be impossible to adapt to film if not for the additions that have been made in its movie form.However, the short story itself forms the basis for the entire film save for it’s being extended to feature length. The narrative additions in the film were not added just so the basis, which is the short story, would become feature length, instead these additions serve three basic things – they appropriately conduct the story to a logical and closed-ended conclus ion, they serve to explain certain things that have not been explained in the short story because of its length, and they give the story material a more visual feel instead of the almost vignetted presentation in the literary piece.The narrative additions in the film expand the sphere of explanation for the story; something that was not done in the short story version. Noticeably, in the short story, Aldiss focused on the singular scene of the depressing interaction between Monica, David, and the super toy, Teddy. These interactions are limited to the revelations of how David reacts to the obvious disregard of Monica for him. David wonders why he cannot be loved as much by Monica whom he considers to be his mother.While the short story does not explore this fully, the film makes slight modifications by presenting Monica and Henry as a couple who had a child in suspended cryogenic animation. So, with that addition in the film, Monica is given a reason for her depression and her obvio us distance and indifference for the robot kid, David. In addition to this, the re-introduction of Monica’s real child who emerges from suspended animation serves to add another layer of conflict to the story which was surprisingly linear and less complicated in the short story version.Aside from these critical pieces of the story that were expanded and well explained in the film version, the movie also drew from the robot background of the story and created an entire world where humans interact with robots in the film. The only reference to this in the story is the serving-man which David presented to an audience as a new innovation in robotics as well as David who is the young robot boy.Of course it is assumed that with the existence of these two robots in the short story, the setting for the story becomes the future, but the film explores this further by portraying many other forms of robots to establish the idea that in the world where the story occurs, robots are made fo r various and different purposes. So, judging by how the material was expanded as more detailed narratives in the film, such narratives were not superfluous in the sense that these narrative elements had added more details to the story and made it more tangible as opposed to the fleeting and almost fickle clues that were given in the short story version.Another obvious development in the film that explains why the narratives were purposely introduced is the fact that the additions such as the adventure of David in the absence of Monica and Henry made the story more visual. In effect, the short story was merely used as a jump off platform for the movie, hence the phrase ‘based on the story’. This is expected in most film versions because most of the time, short stories create imaginary worlds in the reader’s mind that are far from tangible.So, while most of the narrative elements introduced in the film are no longer found in the short story, all of these elements can be derived from certain features of the short story itself. This is done to give the film a more material existence. Of course film is a different media an in this type of media, the story is told by visual cues and portrayals as opposed to how a story is told in literature which is mostly through mental images or what is known as imagery resulting from the expert arrangement and presentation of words.So, the addition of the narratives is in fact purposeful and intentional, the intention being to give the audience a more effective portrayal of what was initially only perceived through the imagination. The narratives give flesh to the imaginary world that was presented in the short story version allowing the film version to tell the story itself as well as allow audiences a privileged perspective into the world where the short story takes place in. The most important feature that the narratives gave to the film is the existence of a more satisfying and close-ended conclusion to t he story.It will be recalled that in the short story version the story merely ends with the couple ecstatic at knowing that they were now allowed to conceive a real child. While it is implied in the short story version that the couple had planned on disposing David because of this development when Monica says that David was malfunctioning; (Aldiss) in the film version, David pursues his dream of becoming a real boy and in the end, is reunited with his mother, Monica.While the ‘becoming a real boy’ part does not come true for David, he is given the opportunity to live life as a real boy in the end. The ending of the film is more satisfying for the audience compared to the ending in the short story because while there have been many narrative elements added to the film, these narrative elements worked together to effectively conclude the film version. Without the narrative elements the ending would have been strange and totally illogical.This, perhaps, is the most importa nt role that the narrative elements played in the film in relation to the short story version. So, while some might say that the addition of these elements totally destroyed the original story as told in the short story version, the narratives actually serves to expand the story enough for an appropriate ending or conclusion to be made. Had the narratives been absent from the film version, with the same ending that was used, the audience would have been left with nothing to base the ending on.The short story ended with an open ended conclusion in that the readers are left to assume what happens next, none of this occurs in the film largely because of the narratives which effectively told the story from start to finish and gave the ending sturdy foundations in the body of the film itself. So, the narrative elements in the film are not there merely to extend the short story into a feature version because like literature, any addition to a piece is always intentional.The purpose of add ing the narrative features into the film was to allow a more expanded perspective on the material as well as give the story a more visual appeal which is what is intended; but of course, the most important purpose of the narratives was to allow the story to end successfully. It is impossible to compare a short story to a movie when the movie openly admits that it is only based on the short story.In cases where such is in effect, where the movie is merely based on existing literary material, the literary piece may just be a minute portion of the film as a whole. In the case of Aldiss and the movie â€Å"AI† the director of the movie succeeded in his intentions of adding narrative features to the existing material which is the short story while at the same time preserving the integrity of the basis for the film.In many cases, the base material is lost in the telling of the story through film, but in this case both the director as well as the screenplay writer succeeded in prese rving the basic material while offering a film that was both entertaining and water-tight, story-wise. ? Works Cited Aldiss, Brian. â€Å"Super-Toys Last All Summer Long. † N. p. , 2007. Web. 12 July 2010. . Artificial Intelligence Technology keeps on getting better and better time to time. According to the Kondratieff Cycle, the technology changes states in around 50 years and in the early years of this 50 year cycle it builds upon only losses and only in the last ten years it brigs true returns which are actually the costs of adapting the technology being nullified.Artificial Intelligence is the premium technology being practiced today as it has the ability to mimic human behavior. The fact that AI systems can learn make them more viable for race to gain edge over your rivals, therefore firms are readily adapting such systems as they tend to boost performance of the firms.AI, not only helps the firms, but also helps individuals (employees) in understanding the cases and directing strategies efficiently. It also reduces the work load for many employees but at a tactical or top level.AI is more like a nightmare for operational level employees as it tends to destroy the chain to speed up operations. For instance , an efficient AI planted into a manufacturing firm can eliminate the need for manpower in assembling departments.At present, the commercial world is hungry for technology that would ease operations and decision making to the maximum level as the long run costs of maintaining these systems are extremely low as compared to employee management programs.This means that professional jobs are at stake. Further, such systems do not have an aging problem so knowledge can be contained easily. The point still argued is can we rely on machines that work on binary codes i.e. Yes or No options only?Computers can think but can not think rationally as humans may do, computers may be able to comprehend faster but still they can not act intuitively as humans do. References1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jan Goldberg, Mark Rowh, (2003), â€Å"Great Jobs for Computer Science Majors†Edition: 2, McGraw-Hill Professional2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Alan Kernoff, Tom Schwartz Associates, (1986), â€Å"Who's who in Artificial Intelligence: The AI Guide to People, Products, Companies, Resources, Schools and Jobs†, WWAI,3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Samir Dasgupta, Ray Kiely, (2006), â€Å"Globalization and After†,Sage Publications, Artificial Intelligence The movie Artificial Intelligence: A.I. is written and directed by Steven Spielberg, and stars Haley Joel Osment (â€Å"David†) and Jude Law (â€Å"Gigolo Joe†).   The movie is set in the future in a civilization that has taken drastic steps to ensure the survival and prosperity of society by limiting human population.Wealthy nations stay afloat by limiting the number of childbirths allowed per married couple.   In fact couples who exceed the minimum legal standard for number of children were penalized by law.   Human beings also co-exist with androids, called â€Å"mechas† who perform various functions for their human owners, such as gardeners, nannies, laborers, and, in Joe’s case, gigolos.Traditionally, the androids built by humans were not programmed to feel any emotions.   They were programmed merely to assist in the day-to-day lives of human beings.   This all changes when a company called Cybertonics creates a boy mecha called David, who i s built not only with artificial intelligence, but with emotional intelligence (or EQ) as well.In other words, David can love, looks for love, and responds to love from a human being.   As such, David is an experimental model, since no other mecha had been built quite like him, and Cybertronics selected one of their employees, Henry Swinton (played by Sam Robards) from a list of candidates of possible parents-to-be to take in David and to treat him as his own son.Henry decides to take David home under the advisement of the doctor who was worried about the health of Henry’s wife Monica (played by Frances O’Connor).Their own son, Martin (played by Jake Thomas) was seriously ill and was in suspended animation for a long time.   The doctors did not see the possibility of him recovering.The doctor told Henry that instead of worrying about his son, he should start worrying about the emotional wellness of his wife.   In order to do that, Henry thought that he should fil l the void left by the â€Å"loss† of their son by taking home David to take Martin’s place.At first, Monica (played by Frances O’Connor) is appalled at the idea.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The very thought of taking home an android to take Martin’s place angers Monica in the beginning. Henry then appeases her by telling her that he will take David back.He then informs Monica that there is a code consisting of 7 random words that, if spoken, will enable a mechanism in David to start acting and feeling like a real boy.   He warns her that if that code is enabled, David can no longer be returned.   He will have to be destroyed in the factory because if activated, the android would recognize no other mother and would be worthless.She is initially afraid of David, and tries to ignore him, but her maternal instincts take over, and soon, she warms up to David and starts treating him as her son.One morning Monica decides to activate the code embedded inside David, and he h imself starts to respond to Monica in the way a human child responds to his or her parent.   David does everything he can to please Monica, and she responds with warmth and love.   At the Swintons, David also makes friend with Teddy, a mecha teddy bear who speaks and has taken it upon himself to keep an eye out for David.Unfortunately, David’s happy stay at the Swintons, where he is treated as a real live boy and a son, does not last for long.   Martin, the Swintons’ real son, recovers miraculously from his illness and is sent home to his parents.   Upon his arrival, Martin becomes jealous over the attention and love his mother bestows on David.He starts thinking of ways to get David into trouble, to make his mother Monica love David less, and to give him, Martin, her full love and attention.